The Government Intervention And Its Effect On National...

I. Introduction Never before has there been one single element that has the capacity to affect everything we do today. From the privacy of your home to the office you occupy daily or from how services such as gas and water are delivered to us. What began with the Industrial Revolution has now progressed into what is now the Digital Revolution. Cybersecurity is one of many important elements when it comes to information security and how to protect it. From the laws and regulations to who is ultimately responsible and the one to assume responsibility when breaches take place. Whether it is the government or the private sector, someone has to take charge because we all have a vested interest in protecting our families, our businesses and our nation’s security in cyberspace. In this paper I researched into what government intervention is in the works when it comes to cybersecurity and protecting national security, the responsibility of the private sector as it pertains to the protection of critical infrastructure in the support of national security, and a past reflection on successful cyberattacks that stress the point that continued partnerships are required to be successful. II. Governing Cybersecurity The government when required have to make the tough decisions to pass the right legislation along and regulations in the best interest of the safety and security of the nation. Unfortunately today the political stage is polarized and when there should be bipartisanship toShow MoreRelatedResponsibilities Of The Federal Government1126 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Federal Government. These threats include not only military and criminal activity but also the monetary system, as well as both manmade and natural disasters. We refer to this as our national security. Because of this, the Federal Government maintains the various branches of the military and multiple law enforcement angencies to ensure that protection. In this digital age, cyberattacks are an ever increasing threat to national security. These attacks not only target government agencies but alsoRead MoreWhy Intervention Is A Fundamental Principle Of Sovereignty1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthe intervention is a universal common ri ght is not in fact a recent topic for discussion. Stowell (1939) reports the possibility of intervention using force, contrary to the principle of sovereignty: â€Å"According to the generally accepted doctrine of international law, no state has a right to interfere in the internal affair of a sister state, and the application is pushed so far as to forbid any attempt to check brutality and inhumane treatment in another state of that state’s own nationals. YetRead MoreInternational Humanitarian Intervention : The United Nations1287 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Humanitarian Intervention The history overview of International Humanitarian Intervention it was founded in 1945, but the United Nations strives â€Å"to provide peace, security, and justice.9† The belief was to achieve this is through humanitarian intervention the use of force if the international law can t reconcile it. Three principles make up humanitarian intervention: 1. uses military force 2. interferes in the target state’s internal affairs 3.responds to crises where states’Read MoreInternational Investment And Trade : Foreign Policy Goals And Consumer Safety1604 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern and view that government intervention results in protecting the interests’ of producers at the expense of consumer interests, it is imperative to recognise that imposed trade barriers, such as tariffs, taxes and quotas, occur to simply benefit the whole of a nation. While it may appear at times that consumer interests are being overlooked, without governments enforcing these protec tionist policies, developed countries would not have acquired today’s economic stability, security and efficiency.Read MoreUnited States Relations With Libya1304 Words   |  6 Pagesuniversal rights of all Libyans, promoting accountable and honest government, rebuilding its economy, and establishing security throughout the country are challenges Libya faces. This study will discuss the significance of U.S. involvement in stabilizing Libya, regional impacts of potential economic fallout, security and U.S. national security (Affairs, 2013). The U.S focus in Libya supports capacity building efforts within the government institutions, developing civil society and facilitating free andRead MoreUnited Nations ( Un ) Supported Declaration Of Independence1245 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversal rights of all Libyans, promoting accountable and honest government, rebuilding its economy, and establishing security throughout the country are challenges Libya faces. The following paper wil l discuss Libya in relation to the U.S.’s involvement and continued significance to regional security and U.S. national security (Affairs, 2013). The U.S. has focused on supporting capacity building efforts within Libya’s government institutions, developing civil society and facilitating free and fairRead MoreThe Realist Theory Of International Relations1545 Words   |  7 Pagesdomino effect in 2010, Libya was one of these countries. There were uprisings in the regions because of the bad economic conditions, lack of the democracy, human rights, and people’s demand for democracy of the cruel dictators. The demands or discomforts were same in Libya, but process of the Muammar al-Gaddafi ’s regime’s end was different from others as it was intervened by coalition states and NATO. Libya’s intervene was carried out by the 1973 numbered resolution of United Nations Security CouncilRead More Cyber Security Policies and Defense Contractors Essay108 7 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Cyber security policies in the private sector have been a challenging issue for major defense contractors, especially after recent attacks. As a result, the U.S. increased its strict enforcement against these companies by justifying its intervention to improve cyber security. The government would like to impose standards for companies who lack the proper protocol. Due to the revised and new procedures, corporations are responding by rejecting any congressional intervention. This has causedRead MorePolitical Arguments and Rationale Behind Trade Intervention1319 Words   |  6 Pages The following essay aims at highlighting and analyzing the main political arguments for trade intervention and the rationale behind this. Firstly, what should be noted here is that international trade has been providing different benefits for firms as they may expand in different new markets and raise productivity by adopting different approaches. Given that nowadays marketplace is more dynamic and characterized by an interdependent economy, the volume of internationalRead MoreImpact Of Climate Change On Our Security1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscourse, over the last decade especially, about what constitutes a national security risk and how to prioritize these risks. The world has had to deal with threats from many different sources and our security environment is constantly changing. Terrorists wish to do us harm, failed states have the potential to impact our security, and the effects of climate change has impacted our security. Wait climate change impacts our security? How does extreme weather change, droughts, and floods affect my survival

The Gap Between Generation Y And The Baby Boomer Generation

This paper reviews an article written by Elza Venter from the Department of Psychology of Education at the University of South Africa. The article is titled â€Å"Bridging the communication gap between Generation Y and the Baby Boomer generation. The purpose of this research was to answer one key research question: â€Å"How can the generational communication gap between the Baby Boomer generation and Generation Y be closed in order to allow them to have meaningful interpersonal communication?† According to Venter (2016), meaningful communication between the Baby boomer generation and Generation Y is important because these generations have connected channels of communication and can bring meaning to each other’s lives. â€Å"Meaningful communication†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, Baby Boomers value face-to-face communication. Baby Boomers are â€Å"digital immigrants† who grew up without technology. They had to migrate to using technology. According to Prensky cited in Venter (2016), â€Å"members of the Baby Boomer generation had to learn the digital language in order to communicate with the digital natives. Some members still experience difficulty in maintaining their digital immigrant accent (p.3). Baby Boomers prefer face-to-face communication because of the presence of body language and non-verbal cues which are important to them (Walmsley cited in Venter, 2016, p.4).Therefore, members of the Baby Boomer generation will only resort to c omputer-mediated communication if the context does not allow for face-to-face communication. For example, â€Å"the Baby Boomer generation will send emails or phone another person if they cannot walk or drive to that person, they rarely resort to only instant messaging to fill their interpersonal communication† (Venter, 2016, p. 2). Members of the Baby Boomer generation do not appreciate technological skills of Generation Y because they prefer learning in a step-by-step process instead of multitasking. (Prensky cited in Venter, 2016, p.4). The research was conducted as a literature review using the cues-filtered-out approach and the social presence theory (Venter, 2016, p.2). â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Gap Between Baby Boomers, Generation X, And Generation Y861 Words   |  4 PagesThe generation gap between Baby Boomers, generation X, and Generation Y is increasing within time which has caused them many issues at their work. With an age gap of almost 40 years between the oldest and youngest employee’s inside companies or firms, there are a vast range of perspectives, needs, and values. Baby Boomers were the first to be born between 1946 and 1964 and they represent 41 percent of the three groups. Then Generation X comes second with 16 percent, and they were born between 1956Read MoreInfluence of New Technologies in the Generation Gap1088 Words   |  5 PagesGenerational gap refers to the differences between a younger generation and their seniors. Each generation developed in a different period, with differ ent ways of living and with different ideals. Although these differences have been present throughout history, old generations have to be confronted at the cultural change which affects the actual society, particularly with the new generations X and Y. The basic purpose of this paper is to show that the development of medias and new technologiesRead MoreImpact of Multiple Generations in the Workplace Essay examples1183 Words   |  5 Pagesof two articles about the impact of multiple generations on the workplace With every generation comes a lifestyle with unique ideas, values and language. Accounting Today recognizes the importance of generations and their effects on the business field in its articles â€Å"Bridging the Gaps† by Jennifer Wilson and â€Å"The Way We Learn Now,† by Jennifer Wilson and Krista Remer. This memo summarizes these articles, analyzes the formation of each generation, and identifies advantages of a multigenerationalRead MoreThe Generational Differences Between Firefighters1455 Words   |  6 Pagesgenerational differences facing the fire service today and what tools can we employ to navigate these differences? It’s the first time in American history that five generations are sharing the workplace, from Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, the Millennials or Generation Y, and the new unnamed generation. With five generations come five sets of ideas, how to conduct one’s self, approach activities, values and motivators. Different beliefs, understandings, and undertakings create misinterpretationsRead MoreHow Can Workforce Conflict With Former Generations Be Reduced?961 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary: The workforce today is employed by four generations. Each generation brings its own perspective and values to the job. The purpose of this Qualitative Research was to identify strategies that companies are using to resolve / address generational conflict in the workplace. This research was done by a Qualitative Research Method focusing on case studies. It follows a review of difference on each group generation, literature on generations in the workplace. Introduction: ThisRead MoreAre Generational Differences a Reason to Judge Similarities in the Workplace?1082 Words   |  5 Pagesputting a strong focus on diversity, it has encouraged employees to develop excuses as to why they are different. Recently, organizations and employees the same, have turned to the excuse of a generation gap as justification to resist this change. Should leaders treat employees of different generations in the same job differently only because they were born in different times? As Edward S. Lyba said, diversity means bringing together employees of different backgrounds; different backgrounds beingRead MoreThe Importance Of Generation Y : The Smartest Generation762 Words   |  4 PagesBaby Boomers (people over the age of 30) have begun to grow out of their â€Å"baby† status as many of them begin to grow older and some even begin to retire. As these Baby Boomers begin to step down from their positions, they leave a hole that Generation Y (people under the age of 30) is next in line to fill. As the years continue to pass, Generation Y will continue to assume more and more responsibilities until the day comes in which Generation Y is called upon to lead the world. However, many BabyRead MoreBaby Boomers vs. Generation X776 Words   |  4 PagesThe Baby Boomers vs. Generation X America has about five generations that function in our society today, and they are Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and the Millennial. It is interesting the way that an age gap influences the thinking of millions of people in different generations. Different times and situations require that different strategies be put in place for the following generation. Solutions that worked for one generation may be less useful for the next, soRead MoreHow The Housework Is Divided Among Men And Women970 Words   |  4 PagesLoi 1 Ryan Loi Professor Clarkson ENG1100 October 9, 2015 A Generation of Housework When it comes to managing a household, household chores are important tasks that must be done. To avoid doing these chores would be neglecting the home and therefore, would create an unpleasant atmosphere to live in. Every person who lives in the household must contribute and fulfill their responsibility to ensure that their house is as well maintained as possible. What is interesting though is how theRead MoreThe Generation Of The Boomer Generation1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthree generations work side by side in American businesses, each with their own differing values. Managers need to recognize their unique characteristics and plan accordingly. The term Generation Gap entered our daily lexicon in the 1960s when members of the Boomer generation were teenagers. It recognized the chasm that existed between the Boomers and their parents in regard to their divergent political views, taste in music, the clothes they wore, and professional goals: Baby Boomers hoping

Vitamin Water Revealed as Non-Healthy Beverage by Coca-Colas

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Vitamin Water Revealed as Non-Healthy Beverage by Coca-Colas. Answer: 1). According to the video, Coca Cola advertises that Vitamin Water will give people protection similar to exercise or flu shots. Discuss whether this is deceptive advertising or mere promotion. Answer: Vitamin water is a misnomer as accurately this should be labeled as sugar water, This is because, the two main ingredients of this are water and sugar (which is linked to host of health issues). Besides these, Vitamin water has dose of synthetic vitamin chemicals which are not advisable and any informed customer would like to refrain from consuming these. Hence, the vitamins in this water are artificial and nowhere close to natural vitamins in terms of utility (Adams, 2010). As a result, I am of the firm opinion that the company resorts to deceptive advertisement to cash on the customers ignorance. In the name of a healthy vitamin drink, the company in actuality is providing the customers with sugar water which in the long term would lead to health issues such as obesity and diabetes. Through the prudent use of deceptive advertisement, the company is able to associate the consumption of this product with happiness and health but in actuality sustained consumption is associated with suffering (Schultz, 2005). Also, equating these drinks with exercise or flu shots is preposterous since this claim has no backing of any independent and reputed health agency. Clearly, this is nowhere close to the reality and in actuality consumption of plain water is considered to be healthier than vitamin water (Adams, 2010). 2). Vitamin Water responds to the claim by stating that the ingredients are clearly on the label. Discuss whether manufacturers have any duty to warn the public about their products or whether the law should adopt the idea of buyer beware so that consumers read the labels. Answer: In USA, the product liability litigation has made rapid strides and thereby augers well for consumer protection. The law is currently in the favor of the buyer as the liability of defects lies on the manufacturer. However, the manufacturers cry soul over this shift as they argue that this has led to higher litigation costs which have escalated the overall product costs. They have asked for alterations in the law to limit this liability to reasonable levels (Grubb and Howells,2000) The liability of the manufacturer should be limited to only those cases when there is negligence on part of the manufacturer which potentially causes harm to the consumers. Further, the seller also provides certain product warranties which it is legally obliged to fulfill. Additionally, during sales promotion and advertising false claims may be made about the produce and the potential health hazards may be hidden. Any misrepresentation by the seller should be punishable provided the plaintiff can prove that purchase decision was taken on that basis (Kurer et. al., 2002). .The manufacturer on their part should not be negligent and should disclose all ingredients and their nutritional value without using any deceptive advertisement. The government on their part need to educate the consumers with regards to healthy choices of products and the consumers should inculcate these in their buying behavior (Schultz, 2005).. 3). Near the end of the video clip, the health and medical editor states that washing hands and drinking water will keep one healthier than most of the health products on the market. Should Congress or the states be more assertive about regulating products based on health issues or is that too much like big brother watching? Answer: Yes, it is expected that more regulation of products need to be done considering the implications of wrong choices. The government standards and policies need to be suitably amended so as to enhance the regulation of various manufacturers of edible products (Schultz, 2005).. In this regards, the incidence of deceptive advertisement without any independent claims need to be curbed. The advertisement particularly needs regulation so that unverified claims cannot be made at the expense of public health (Kurer et. al., 2002). The assertion by the health and medical editor is true and it is imperative that the consumer should not fall in the trap of fake marketing gimmicks built by these corporations. More research should be done on these products by the consumer using internet and product queries can also be raised so as to know if the claim is backed by any independent agency of repute. Reference Adams, M. (August, 2010). Vitamin water revealed as non-healthy beverage by Coca-Cola's own lawyers (opinion). Retrieved on 8th August 2016 from https://www.naturalnews.com/029425_vitaminwater_Coca-Cola.html Grubb, A. and Howells, G.G. (2000), The Law of Product Liability, Sydney: Butterworths Kurer, M., Codoni, S.,Gunther, S., Never. J.S. and The, L .(2002), Warranties and Disclaimers, Limitation of Liability in Consumer Related Transactions, New York: Kluwer Law International Schultz, H.W. (2005), Food Law Hand book, Connecticut: The Avi Publishing Company

Lady Macbeth Essays - Characters In Macbeth, English-language Films

Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth Amongst the most essential of characters in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is Lady Macbeth. Upon the introduction of Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth is brought into the plot of the play. In this soliloquy, Lady Macbeth comments on her thoughts after having read a letter from her husband, Macbeth, informing her about the witches' prophecies on the possibility of Kingship. A variety of well-known topics are explored, including the revelation of the true traits of characters such as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be What thou art promised; yet do I fear thy nature, It is too full o'th'milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it. What thou wouldst highly, That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst strongly win. Thou'dst have, great Glamis, That which cries, ?Thus who must do' if thou have it; And that which rather thou dost fear to do. Than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have crowned thee withal. -Lady Macbeth, Act 1 Sc5, Lines 13 ? 28 Her first thoughts are based on the reaction of the realism of Macbeth being Thane of Glamis, and possibly Cawdor as the witches predicted. This is expressed through the words What thou art promised. The idea of having soliloquy interacting with the witches' predictions creates a sense of spirituality. This being Lady Macbeth's first appearance in the play is effective as it allows the reader to associate this sense of spirituality and evil with her character, that has yet to have any substance to allow the reader to interpret her role by. She continues by expressing her fear over not being able to catch the nearest way due to Macbeth's overly kind character. This is demonstrated through a variety of techniques. For example, Lady Macbeth explains how her husband would ?not play false' nor would he ?wrongly win'. This suggests a fair person with a kindness too powerful for him to be a false king, through murder. The extent of Macbeth's kind character is described as too full o'th'milk of human kindness. This is extremely significant as milk, similar to a mother's breast milk, is filled with the vital pureness and nutrition that a baby needs in order to grow. This can be used to mirror Macbeth's kind character to the importance of a mother's breast milk in the eyes of a newly born baby. In addition, Lady Macbeth's envy for her husband is shown through the compilation of words such as ?great', ?highly' and ?holiliy'. These words create imagery of religion and heavens to support her feelings towards Macbeth. The presence o f the thought of heavens being the place of good after death can be used to mirror the extent of Macbeth's kind character. Lady Macbeth describes the action of murdering King Duncan through the words to catch the nearest way. The use of this euphemism to describe the action of killing Duncan can be seen as though she is trying to hide the harsh imagery of blood and violence in the action of murder. This is an example of Lady Macbeth's diminishing sense of honesty. Throughout the course of the soliloquy, the developing theme of evilness continues to show through words such as spirits and metaphysical which produce an authoritative feeling of negativity. This form of negativity is extremely effective as it relates to the topic of the supernatural and unknown that causes for greater intrigue amongst the audience as a result. Also, these words being said through Lady Macbeth gives the audience an opportunity to further build their personal folio of her character. The idea of having to call upon the spirits and gods, the most divine of beings also can be interpreted to suggest multiple meanings. The fact that Lady Macbeth has to call upon the most powerful of beings suggests the extent of Macbeth's kindness, that only the most commanding of beings has the dominance to sway Macbeth's conscience. Alternatively, the act of Lady Macbeth calling upon the

The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essays

The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essays The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essay The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essay The 1823 slave revolt in Demarara. Guyana. started on a sugar plantation called â€Å"Plantation Success†- on the east seashore of the settlement on August 23. It spread throughout the nearby country to affect slaves from at least 55 plantations. In entire. around 10 thousand of the about 75 thousand slaves who lived in the settlement rose in violent rebellion against their oppressors. The rebellion would hold been even larger. nevertheless. had the slaves succeeded in their end of distributing the rebellion to the western portion of the settlement. As it was. the rebellion still alarmed the local plantation owners sufficiently to react rapidly. and with utmost force. Using both army units and local reserves. the plantation owners and colonial functionaries killed several hundred of the arising slaves. and imprisoned 100s more to stand test and face executing. Within yearss. the rebellion had been put down. Two elements made the Demerara Revolt instead unusual. First. it mostly consisted of. and was chiefly led by Creole slaves. This upset the traditional British impression that although the wilder African-born slaves might revolt. the Creole slaves were more docile and accepting of their destiny. This was a rough challenge to any semblance of bondage as a civilizing system. In a universe in which the plantation owners had already seen the abolishment of the slave trade. and in which they could see the abolishment of bondage itself looming in the foreseeable hereafter. it was peculiarly unsettling. Besides fazing was the function played by antislavery groups from England. The unconformist evangelical motion was peculiarly involved in seeking to stop bondage wholly. From at least as early 1808. The London Missionary Society had sent missionaries to Demerara to prophesy and learn among the slaves of the settlement. Planter sentiment was ambivalent. Some thought that faith may assist maintain the slaves in cheque. Other saw the missionaries as unsafe spirit wakers. One missional – John Wray – was expelled from the settlement once it became known that he had been learning the slaves to read. Another missional – John Smith – replaced him. Besides back uping the slaves and contending for their cause. Smith kept keeping church for the slaves. He besides fought against planters’ efforts at maintaining their slaves from holding Sundays away and from go toing church. In the terminal. the battle for the slaves’ rights to hold Sundays off became a cardinal issue in the slaves’ grudges that led to the rebellion. Making usage of spiritual meetings to besides discourse political ideas and plan the rebellion. the slaves created a nexus between the missionaries and the rebellion that the missionaries may non hold been cognizant of. Historians tend to propose that Smith was unknowing. The plantation owners had a different position. In the wake of the rebellion. they arrested Smith and had him sentenced to decease by hanging for his function in the rebellion. Before his sentence could be carried out. nevertheless. Smith died in prison. The decease of 1000s of slaves. and of the white curate John Smith led to blatant reactions in England. People felt that the rebellion and its wake revealed the brutal and inhumane behaviour of the plantation owners. This helped beef up the anti-slavery motion in England. as statements of plantation owner savageness were subsequently used to back up the 1833 Parliamentary opinion to stop bondage in the British Caribbean. The Demarara Revolt hence highlights the of import functions played by both the slaves and the emancipationist groups in England in conveying about the abolishment of bondage in the British West Indies. In England. some administrations were established to run for the abolishment of bondage in the British settlements. In April 1823 a gesture was presented in the House of Commons naming for a gradual abolishment of bondage in all British settlements. but it was defeated because the bulk felt that abolishment of bondage would go forth the plantation owners without a labour force. Alternatively. steps to better the status of slaves were adopted. These ordered that female slaves should non be whipped as penalty and drivers should non transport whips in the field. These new betterment regulations were sent in a missive to all Governors of British settlements. Governor John Murray intentionally delayed its promotion. He received the missive on 23 June 1823 and waited until 2 July to show it to the Court of Policy. pressing the members. who were all slave proprietors. non to move on it instantly. It was non until 7 August the Court of Policy passed the needed declarations to follow the betterment regulations. While the betterment regulations were expecting acceptance in the Court of Policy. house slaves overheard their Masterss discoursing them. Not to the full understanding the deductions of the new regulations. they felt that the plantation owners had received instructions to put the slaves free but were declining to make so. This rumor was passed on to other slaves. One of these slaves. Jack Gladstone. heard the rumor from a slave owned by the Governor. and he wrote a missive to the members of Bethel Chapel informing them of the affair and signed his father’s name on it. His male parent was Quamina. a senior deacon of Bethel Chapel. On 25 July. Quamina. on acquisition of the affair. approached Rev. John Smith and informed him that the King of England had granted freedom to the slaves but it was being withheld. Smith said that he had non heard of any such order and added that he had heard that the British Government wanted to do ordinances to better the state of affairs impacting the slaves. but non to put them free. Quamina was non satisfied with what he heard and seemingly reported to the other slaves. some of whom began to do readyings to prehend their freedom which they felt was being intentionally kept off from them. The slaves in East Demerara were convinced that the Governor and their Masterss were keep backing their freedom from them and many of them felt they had no other option than to lift up against those who were non transporting out the King’s orders. On the forenoon of Sunday 17 August 1823 slaves at Mahaica met together at Plantation Success and three of them. Jack Gladstone. a Cooper on that plantation. Joseph Packwood and Manuel. assumed some sort of leading of the group. All of them began to be after an uprising. but Gladstone’s father. Quamina. who arrived at the meeting subsequently. objected to any bloody rebellion and suggested that the slaves should travel on work stoppage. When person asked if they should acquire guns to protect themselves. Quamina. a senior deacon at Rev. John Smith’s church. said he would hold to seek the advice of the missional on this affair. Quamina departed for Bethel Chapel at Le Ressouvenir. and after the Sunday service. he and two other slaves. Manuel and Seaton. went to Smith’s place. There they told the priest that the directors of the plantation should travel to Georgetown to â€Å"fetch up the New Law† . Smith rebuked them and advised them against talking to any of the directors about this. stating if they did so they would arouse the Governor. He begged them to wait until the Governor and their Masterss tell them about the new ordinances. When Quamina told Smith of the uprising being planned. the priest asked them to state the other slaves. peculiarly the Christians. non to arise. Quamina promised to obey Smith and he sent his two comrades to press other slaves non to arise. He besides told Smith he would direct a message in the eventide to the Mahaica slaves non to lift up against their Masterss. But despite Quamina’s attempts. the slaves were determined to arise from the following eventide. Their program was to prehend all guns on the plantations. lock up the White persons during the dark and so direct them to the Governor on the undermentioned forenoon to convey the â€Å"New Law† . Quamina urged them non to be violent in the procedure. But on the forenoon of Monday 18 August. the program was betrayed by Joseph Packwood. a house slave. who told his maestro about it. The plantation proprietor. Simpson. instantly gave this information to Governor Murray who with a group of soldiers rode up to the country of Le Ressouvenir and La Bonne Intention where he met a big group of armed Africans on the route. He asked them what they wanted and they replied. â€Å"Our right. † He so ordered them to give up their arms. and after they refused. he warned that their noncompliance would do them to lose whatever new benefits the new ordinances intended to give to them. Murray told them to travel place and to run into with him at Plantation Felicity the following forenoon. But the slaves refused this invitation and the Governor later that twenty-four hours proclaimed soldierly jurisprudence. It was really late that afternoon when Rev. John Smith foremost heard of the rebellion. In a note to his source. Jackey Reed. a slave who attended his church. he stated that hasty. violent steps were contrary to Christianity and begged Reed non to take part in the rebellion. Shortly after. while Smith and his married woman were walking on the plantation. they saw a big group of noisy African slaves outside the place of Hamilton. the director of Le Ressouvenir. Smith begged them non to harm Hamilton. but they told him to travel place. That dark the slaves seized and locked up White directors and superintendents on many plantations in East Demerara. There was really small force since the slaves seemingly heeded the petition made by Quamina. The Whites of course were really terrified and they feared they would be killed. But the slaves who were chiefly Christians did non desire to lose their spiritual character and they proclaimed that their action was a work stoppage and non a rebellion. The following twenty-four hours an Anglican priest. Wilthsire Austin. suggested to Governor Murray that he and Smith should be allowed to run into with the slaves to press them to return to work. But the Governor refused this to accept this suggestion. On Wednesday 20 August. the state of affairs took a unusual bend when Smith was arrested and charged for promoting the slaves to arise. The charges besides claimed that he conspired with Quamina and that he failed to inform the Governor of the planned rebellion. Out of an estimated 74. 000 slaves in the united Colony of Essequibo-Demerara about 13. 000 took portion in the rebellion. And out of the 350 estates in the Colony. merely about 37 were involved. No uncertainty. many who did non take portion sympathised with the Rebels and shared their intuition that the plantation owners would save no attempts to forestall them from obtaining their freedom. The rebellion collapsed really rapidly since the slaves. despite being armed. were ill organised. A group of soldiers commanded by Colonel Leahy clashed with about 2. 000 African slaves at Bachelor’s Adventure and viciously crushed them and more than 250 were killed. Some who escaped were hunted down by Amerindian slave-catchers and shooting. Quamina himself was shot dead by Amerindian slave-catchers in the backlands of Chateau Margot and his organic structure was subsequently publically hanged. Jack Gladstone was subsequently arrested and besides hanged. Because Rev. Smith was close to the leaders of the rebellion. he was arrested and charged for holding cognition that the slaves would arise and for non informing the governments. His apprehension which was encouraged by many of the plantation owners was seen as an act of retaliation against the priest for prophesying to the slaves. Smith denied the charge but he was imprisoned for seven hebdomads in Colony House before being tried by a tribunal Martial. He was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged. He appealed to the British Government which later ordered a commuting of the decease sentence and that he should be set free. However. while expecting the consequences of his entreaty to get from England. he died from pneumonia in his prison. The information that he was acquitted arrived in Georgetown after his funeral.

How to Hone the Right Tone in Business Writing

How to Hone the Right Tone in Business Writing Where is the line between personality and professionalism in business writing tone? How much of our personality should shine through our documents? I hear this question about tone in business writing tone often in business writing courses. Many business people mistakenly hide behind templates or use corporate-speak language in an attempt to fit in and "sound professional. "Transparency" is a commonly bantered-about term, but not easily defined. We can easily sound bossy or timid when we don't mean to. Whether we like it or not, we do project an image about our competency, ease, confidence, personality, and skill in every document and message we write at work. Our business writing is a fantastic medium to convey our skills and professionalism and warmth, so we should embrace this and project the right tone. (Or, cultivate this if it needs work.) #1 Define the business writing tone you want to convey about yourself. Varying positions and industries and personalities do require unique tones.Depending on your position and field, it might be: Accessible and smart Supportive and kind Engaged and insightful In charge and the voice of authority Artistic and trendy Authoritarian Snarky but funny and smart (Caution with this. Many bloggers and some consultants adopt this and it works for only a rare few.) I strive for my business writing tone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Let's look at two extremes to find balance: unprofessional too much information (the dreaded TMI) tone contrasted with timid and stilted tone. Here is an actual too much information example, sent via Instant Message as part of an internal project team discussion, that illustrates a lack of professionalism. (This was sent by a female senior marketing manager to her team, comprised of men and women, in the US and abroad, some of whom she knew well and some she had never met): "Be back in a bit to chat away and answer IMs! I am off to work out my booty at break. Going back to Florida in 20 days! WOOT" This fails - badly - because it was irrelevant to any real work discussion and unprofessional. "Booty" isn't an appropriate topic to chat up with business colleagues, unless they are also your very close friends, and even then shouldn't be put in writing. Everything you write at work belongs to your employer and is discoverable in any legal review. I'm guessing no one wants a review of his or her booty workouts as part of a professional evaluation. This example is extremely off the mark because it also was sent to an international audience. Wider audience matters. And, wider audiences have varying perceptions. This writer works in a very casual satellite office located in Los Angeles, California, where communication norms are more relaxed than other areas. It's possible (but unlikely) that this extremely relaxed banter is acceptable within her local, small work group, but we need to keep focus on our wider audience as well. An older businessman from Asia (her boss) sent this example to me because he viewed it as extremely unprofessional. As a condition to keep her job, she was required to work with me to develop an authentic, but professional, voice in all her communication. Conversely, here is an example that is too stiff and timid, sent via email from the head of a work area to colleagues who lead other work areas. While I would love for the needs of all three departments to be factored in, however, I can also appreciate that your respective organizations have its own project list where you may or may not be able to allocate resources to work on this project. If that were the case, then we will take another approach towards selecting a solution. Please let me know your thoughts on this and if you are conceptually in agreement, then the name(s) of people in your respective group who would service as the functional lead on the project. I can then reach out to them to organize a kick-off meeting. If you feel that you will be unable to allocate resources to this project this year, then I would understand and would appreciate you letting me know about that too. This fails - less badly - because the writer's request is so indirect and tentative that it lacks authority. This doesn't convey the tone of someone competently in charge of leading a business unit with clear vision and confidence. #2 How then, can we be authentic and transparent, but not bleed all over our audience or be too timid? How do we hit the right balance? Easy: Always envision your audience. Provide the information that suits your audience's needs. In the first example, by simply considering her wider audience before sending this message, the writer would have known immediately that her international boss would not want to hear about a booty workout. In the second instance, the writer would realize colleagues need competent recommendations, not timid requests. Because we first have defined the tone in business writing that is right for our honest personality and position, we will naturally find the balance by matching this to audience. This works every time. Business communication is not about broadcasting or false personas. It's about connection. I do not advocate self-censorship of personality, beliefs, and way of being, but I do believe we must frame our message so our readers respect it. Too often in business, we forget it's really a human to human connection occurring. It is good business to bring our authentic selves to a mutual meeting place with our audience so we hear each other, so sales are made, skills gained, businesses grow and perspectives widen. Ready to commit to improving your business writing so that it becomes a career asset?

The Suicide tourist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Suicide tourist - Essay Example In countries such as Switzerland, legally operated clinics such as ‘Dignitas’ offer suicide assistance to patients who face an inevitably long and painful death in the not so distant future. The moral question that have been raised so far, revolve around the right for persons to end their own lives. This is evident in situations when death is imminent due to terminal illness. Moreover, the assisted suicide procedure has elicited controversial issues concerning the respect for personal rights and desires versus the threat for abuse. At the heart of this controversy is Dignitas and its patients seeking assisted suicide services. Evidently, Switzerland is the only country that permits foreigners to come and seek the services of assisted suicide. To this end, this paper will seek to establish the moral basis and acceptance of the right to end one’s life as an act preventing further suffering. Consequently, an innate understanding of Craig Ewert’s case in Ã¢â‚¬Ë œThe Suicide Tourist’ will provide insight into judging the morality of his actions. The Suicide Tourist is a compelling and moving documentary that narrates the last days and eventual assisted suicide of Craig Ewert. The documentary raised pertinent questions about the quality of life and the moral precinct of ending one’s life (Fuchs, 2010). To this end, Craig articulately posed strong and logical arguments regarding his decision to end his life. Craig was a 59 year old American citizen who relocated to England with his wife. As a professor of Computer Science, and his wife enrolled for a PhD in Law, things were going quite well until Craig was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease, also known as ALS ( Fuchs, 2010). The condition was a neurological terminal disease that would rapidly waste away his motor functions. To this end, he was given at most five years to live. However, 6 months after the diagnosis, Craig’s health had rapidly deteriorated to the po int that he could not walk, swallow food or breathe on his own without a ventilator. At this point, Craig decided to end his life and avoid a prolonged painful suffering and inevitable death. Upon discussion with his family, they came to accept that he was suffering and acknowledged that his death was imminent. Ultimately, Craig family supported his wishes to end his life. To this end, Craig sought the services of Dignitas clinic in Switzerland. The clinic offered suicide assistance to terminally ill patients that were faced with an inevitable death after prolonged pain and suffering. At this point, it is important to note the facts that led Craig’s decision in choosing to end his life rather than wait for his inevitable death. In his own words, Craig noted that his degenerative state would render him paralyzed without any functions of his motor functions. He knew that he would be essentially trapped in his own body without the luxury of being able to communicate or even move any part of his body. Consequently, he was aware that he would be trapped in his own body just waiting for death. To this end, time was of the essence since he had to solely partake the lethal dosage that would ultimately end his life. Furthermore, Craig asserted that he was not tired of living but was tired of the disease. In addition Craig delved in the moral concern raised over assisted suicide and its judgement based on

Is Libertarian Paternalism a good idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Libertarian Paternalism a good idea - Essay Example Nudge is the method of influencing behavior by ways of choice architecting. The feedback system in a school and incentive programs in organizations are all different example of this Nudge. Being a parent in this age is not an easy task. Over the decades the position of teenagers has changed considerably. There was once a time when all the focus was on the elder generations. The television programs, products etc everything targeted the elders. However this generation has seen a totally different side of affairs. If we look around we can see how much importance the younger generations are given. There are special products, television shows, movies and many other aspects of life which are entirely focused and dedicated to them. This treatment of teenagers has changed the ‘obedient child’ into an independent person. This person knows his rights and importance and therefore is not willing to give up any part of his independence. This phenomenon makes the life of parents even tougher. They have to control a generation of independent teenagers who are inexperienced about life no matter how much they brag about being all grownup. There are many different forms of knowledge. The internet has an adequate quantity of literature about everything and anything. There are some aspects of knowledge however which cannot be learned overnight. This branch of knowledge is usually referred to as experience. There are many decisions in life which require us to make choices that could not only affect us but also have considerable affects on others around us. We are forced to make those choices despite the fact that we sometimes are not ready to make them. This is the problem many parents face. They cannot interfere directly with decisions of their children but cannot also watch them ruin their own life. The parents are usually more experienced in making choices because they have seen

Critical Reading and Response on the Article “Letting Go” Essay Example for Free

Critical Reading and Response on the Article â€Å"Letting Go† Essay In the article â€Å"Letting Go† that was being published in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande addresses the issues regarding to the current medical care system that fails to meet the needs of the patients with terminal illness. Gawande points out that the patients want to spend more quality time with their family members and having some special last moments rather than struggling to stay alive when they know that the chances are thin. Knowing the time to let go was one of the crucial part of the art of dying which people nowadays has forgotten. Gawande argues that choosing the hospice care would sometimes be a better choice for the terminally ill patients. He uses statistics such that the patients that choose hospice lives longer or than other patients and they tend to suffer lesser to support his argument. Hospice care tends to go with less pain treatment and focuses on the needs of the patients. It increases the quality of life of the patients during the last moments of their live. The patients’ family members are less likely to suffer from depression when they have chosen to go with the hospice care mainly because they have prepared themselves to face the death of the patient when time has come. Gawande’s argument is that the medical care system nowadays fails to meet the needs of the patients. His argument is convincing because he appeals to the emotions of his reader through both his own and others experience and statistics. Gawande reels in his readers’ attention and interest through some of the real life experience before he educates them. That makes it easier for the readers to absorb what Gawande is trying to deliver to his audience. In order to make it even more convincing, Gawande uses two extreme cases as a comparison to prove his point that hospice care would be the better choice for terminally ill patients. He uses the story of the â€Å"lucky† guy-Dave Galloway who died â€Å"at home, at peace, and surrounded by family† contrast with the poor old lady-Lee Cox who was died due to cardiac arrest and followed by a series of actions to bring her back to live. â€Å"They pulled off her clothes and pumped her chest, put a tube in her airway and forced oxygen into her lungs, and tried to see if they could shock her heart back† (Gawande 133). Such contrast comparison and strong words that would impact the readers’ thoughts on how the process of death can vary through different circumstances. After that, he again embraces the benefits of choosing hospice care rather than going to hospital for intensive medical treatments. Other than that, Gawande uses research statistics to support his argument. â€Å"A study led by the Harvard researcher Nicholas Christakis found out that sixty-three percent of doctors overestimated survival time and the average estimate was 530 percent too high† (Gawande 136). The statistics shows that how the medical system is failing to help the patients to get a grasp on how much time they still have in order to achieve the things that they want in live before their last breath. Since the research was carried out within the well-known institution-Harvard University, readers tend to believe the statistics more and agree upon Gawande’s view. By doing this, Gawande was trying to point out the flaw in our medical system so that his reader would be agreeing upon his argument. Gawande also uses different statistics to support his argument. â€Å"Executives at Aetna, the insurance company, started a two-year study on letting a group of policyholders with a life expectancy of less than a year to receive hospice services without forgoing other treatments. The result is that the people that have chosen hospice service leaped from 26 percent to 70 percent† (Gawande 142). The result shows that people were visiting the hospital lesser after they were introduced to hospice care. Gawande was trying to use the statistics to tell the readers that there were a lot of people that was in the same situation as they are, and they have chosen hospice care over hospital treatment after trying it. That implies that the hospice care would benefit the patients more than the hospital would. The overall structure of the Gawande’s article was well organized. He was able to convince his readers by giving a main idea of what he is trying to deliver through stories and then continue by some straight-forward points that he made. He then supports his arguments with examples to further enhance his point. The wording that he uses is simple yet it gives the readers some images that connect with their emotion. For example, â€Å"Sara would always arrive smiling, makeup on and bangs bobby-pinned out of her eyes. She’d find small things to laugh about, like the tubes that created strange protuberance under her dress† (Gawande 137). Gawande was trying to show that how sad it could be when a person is going through those surgery and treatment in order to get â€Å"fixed†. He would then use that emotion to bring up the point that is other solution to this problem which is the hospice care. I do think that the current medical care system doesn’t meet the needs of the patients as there are some miscommunications between doctors and their patients. Doctors were always looking at the bright side of the illness of their patients which is good in some sense but at the same time, they have to prepare the patients for their worst case scenario. It is hard for the patients to accept the truth that their illness were beyond â€Å"repair† and doctors educate them to accept the truth so that they could go through a less torturing path for their spare life. So, what I am trying to say is that we shouldn’t lose hope but at the same time we have to prepare our self for the worst outcome. If prolonging the patients’ life means that they have to suffer from surgeries and treatment that they need until the end of their life, why not just do things that are more meaningful? Despite all the flaws that we had in our current medical care system, hospice care seems to be the solution for the problem because it offers comfort and satisfaction in the ending life of the patients.

The Origins Of Our Species Essays -- essays research papers

The latest discovery of a fossil skull in Kenya, more than three million years old, once again demonstrates the complex evolution of humankind. The following article examines the evidence and sees how it fits into the ideas of human origin formulated by Frederick Engels more than 100 years ago. "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." (Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species, pp. 459-60, Penguin 1985.) The latest discoveries in paleontology once again reveal the rich and complex evolution of the human species. In March, the magazine 'Nature' reported on a new fossil find in Kenya of a 3.5 million year-old skull. Originally, it was thought that the human linkage had been traced back to an ancestral genus called the Australopithecines (the "Southern Ape"), the most famous remains being 'Lucy', discovered by D.C. Johanson. These proto-humans roamed the savannahs and Rift Valley of Africa more than 3 million years ago, and are closer to modern humans than apes. However, new evidence suggests that the Australopithecus family was not the only hominid species to have existed at this time. 'Nature' describes a new species - Kenanthropus platyops - with a much flatter face than any Australopithecine. "Kenyanthropus shows persuasively that at least two lineages existed as far back as 3.5m years," said Meave Leakey of the Kenya national museum. It is clear that the evolutionary tree is far bushier that at first appeared. While the human lineage split from that of the African apes some 5-10 million years ago, this new evidence suggests possible new lines from which humans evolved. It shows a far greater diversification of human evolution prior to the emergence of the Homo genus. The newly discovered skull has a small ear hole, like those of chimpanzees. However, it shares other features of early hominids, such as a small brain. But there are other striking differences, including tall cheekbones, small teeth and a flat plane beneath its nose bone, giving it a flat face appearance. The flatter face - a feature once thought distinctly human - arises primaril... ...ical view of evolution, called punctuated equilibrium. Gould has recognized Engels' contribution, describing his essay on human origins as "a brilliant expose." However, notes Gould, it "had no visible impact on Western science." (Ever Since Darwin, p.210) "All merit for the swift advance of civilization was ascribed to the mind, to the development and activity of the brain", wrote Engels. "Men became accustomed to explain their actions from their thoughts, instead of from their needs... And so there arose in the course of time that idealistic outlook on the world, has dominated men's minds. It still rules them to such a degree that even the most materialistic natural scientists of the Darwinian school are still unable to form any clear idea of the origin of man, because under that ideological influence they do not recognize the part that has been played therein by labour." The latest discoveries in this field of human origins are a testimony to Engels thought and contribution, not least the discovery of Kenanthropus platyops. It is a confirmation of the method of dialectical materialism, the only consistent scientific outlook of the world. The Origins Of Our Species Essays -- essays research papers The latest discovery of a fossil skull in Kenya, more than three million years old, once again demonstrates the complex evolution of humankind. The following article examines the evidence and sees how it fits into the ideas of human origin formulated by Frederick Engels more than 100 years ago. "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." (Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species, pp. 459-60, Penguin 1985.) The latest discoveries in paleontology once again reveal the rich and complex evolution of the human species. In March, the magazine 'Nature' reported on a new fossil find in Kenya of a 3.5 million year-old skull. Originally, it was thought that the human linkage had been traced back to an ancestral genus called the Australopithecines (the "Southern Ape"), the most famous remains being 'Lucy', discovered by D.C. Johanson. These proto-humans roamed the savannahs and Rift Valley of Africa more than 3 million years ago, and are closer to modern humans than apes. However, new evidence suggests that the Australopithecus family was not the only hominid species to have existed at this time. 'Nature' describes a new species - Kenanthropus platyops - with a much flatter face than any Australopithecine. "Kenyanthropus shows persuasively that at least two lineages existed as far back as 3.5m years," said Meave Leakey of the Kenya national museum. It is clear that the evolutionary tree is far bushier that at first appeared. While the human lineage split from that of the African apes some 5-10 million years ago, this new evidence suggests possible new lines from which humans evolved. It shows a far greater diversification of human evolution prior to the emergence of the Homo genus. The newly discovered skull has a small ear hole, like those of chimpanzees. However, it shares other features of early hominids, such as a small brain. But there are other striking differences, including tall cheekbones, small teeth and a flat plane beneath its nose bone, giving it a flat face appearance. The flatter face - a feature once thought distinctly human - arises primaril... ...ical view of evolution, called punctuated equilibrium. Gould has recognized Engels' contribution, describing his essay on human origins as "a brilliant expose." However, notes Gould, it "had no visible impact on Western science." (Ever Since Darwin, p.210) "All merit for the swift advance of civilization was ascribed to the mind, to the development and activity of the brain", wrote Engels. "Men became accustomed to explain their actions from their thoughts, instead of from their needs... And so there arose in the course of time that idealistic outlook on the world, has dominated men's minds. It still rules them to such a degree that even the most materialistic natural scientists of the Darwinian school are still unable to form any clear idea of the origin of man, because under that ideological influence they do not recognize the part that has been played therein by labour." The latest discoveries in this field of human origins are a testimony to Engels thought and contribution, not least the discovery of Kenanthropus platyops. It is a confirmation of the method of dialectical materialism, the only consistent scientific outlook of the world.

Managerial Economics Essay

There are quite a few differences between Economics and Managerial Economics. Managerial Economics is micro in character while Economics is both micro and macro in character. Economics is both positive and normative science but the Managerial Economics is essentially normative in nature. Under Economics we study only the economic aspect of the problems but under Managerial Economics we have to study both the economic and non-economic aspects of the problems. Those are just a few distinct differences amongst many others. Economics is defined as the study of goods and services; the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services while Managerial Economics is a study of application of managerial skills in economics. The field of economics is broken down into two distinct areas of study: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics looks at the smaller picture and focuses more on basic theories of supply and demand and how individual businesses decide how much of something to produce and how much to charge for it. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, looks at the big picture (hence â€Å"macro†). It focuses on the national economy as a whole and provides a basic knowledge of how things work in the business world. Microeconomics/ Macroeconomics and Managerial Economics have plenty in common. They all overlap in some form or fashion. Managerial economics is applied theory. Much of managerial economics applies the theories set forth in microeconomic theory. The relationship between the Microeconomics and the Macroeconomics are based on the result of choices made by each household and firms and some models of macroeconomics especially while originating the collective of production and consumption levels among both the branches of economics.

Why Men Are from Mars and Women Are from Venus.

Why men are from Mars and women are from Venus. Are there any differences on how women and men talk? This is a question many people ponder on everyday. It is easy to assume that because English belongs to the person who uses it, men and women would likely to talk the same way but that may not be the case. Linguistics experts had proven that shown that men and women communicate in different ways. Speech style, word use, and body language are apparent between men and women. Women focus more on making connections, while men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated.In the essay â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† by Deborah Tannen, she believes that even though men and women speak the same lingua franca, but their affirmation of support, conversational patterns and body language are very different. In the earlier years of development, Tannen observes that girls use speech to find confirmation and e stablish intimacy, whereas boys use speech to assert their independence and attain social status (283-5). In a study by psychologist H. M. Leet-Pellegrini who set to find out how men and women communicate with each other and who is more dominant in a conversation. Tannen 284). When women are listening, they will show support by saying things like â€Å"Yeah† and â€Å"That’s right†, even though they are more knowledgeable than the men on that particular topic (Tannen 283). However, this may not be the case for men. Tannen states that when it is the other way around, men tend to say something like â€Å"So you’re the expert. † (283). It showed that when women has superior amount of knowledge than the men, â€Å"It will sparked resentment, not respect†, and because of that â€Å"Women are inclined to play down their expertise rather than display it. † (Tannen 283).Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people wi ll think of them. Tannen feels that men are always trying to grab the leadership role by interrupting, hogging conversations and offering practical information, â€Å"My experience is that if I mention the kind of work I do to women, they usually ask me about it. While men have the tendency of explaining and giving me a lecture on language. † (282-3). In this situation, women find themselves bored and constantly nodding unwillingly as they have been cast as the listener as men lecture them and finds themselves in an asymmetrical conversation (Tannen 288-9).Despite the asymmetrical conversation, in the article Party Line by Rachael Rafelman, she states that women want to be heard. She states that, â€Å"Listening is a part of girl talk since it is at the very center of reciprocal communication. Woman requires it of each other† (Rafelman 320). When a woman talks she gets personal and involved in the conversation, men do not (Rafelman 317). Men love to talk about business and sports so women find the company of men kind of boring (Rafelman 317). It is why some women may find themselves nodding unwilling throughout the conversation.Women on the other hand find comfort in offering and receiving comfort and avoiding confrontation. There's certainly some truth to this. We can see this everywhere. Which men haven’t had heard his wife or female collogue say to him, â€Å"These shoes are killing me? † When he replies, â€Å"Get some new ones then,† or â€Å"Why are you even wearing them,† she is offended and upset. What he should have said was, â€Å"Oh I know exactly how you feel. Mine are killing me too. † Thus, according to Deborah Tannen’s article, considering these facts, no wonder many women grumble about their partners not listening to them (289).They argument that they made, that the men are not listening to them, is actually because they are not getting the response that they wanted to hear (Tannen 289). W omen focus more on making connections; talk and conversation is essential to this process. Women share secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options with their close friends. Men generally take another approach; their groups tend to be larger, focusing on activities rather than conversation. Even though men rather focus on activities rather than conversations, it does not mean that men talk less than women.In Janet Holmes’s essay â€Å"Women Talk Too Much,† Janet Holmes claims that even though many people believe that women talk more than men do, men talks just as much, if not even more, especially when talking enhances their status, power or dominant. Even when they hold influential positions, women sometimes find it hard to contribute as much as men to a discussion. † (300). Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people will think of them and they know that when a woman is superior knowledge, it will sparked r esentment, not respect, as stated in Tannen’s article â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† (283).Aries found out that found that women who did a lot of talking in a group began to feel uncomfortable; they backed off and frequently drew out quieter members of the group (Tannen 291). It is proven that men talk more than women in public, formal context because they perceive that by participating in the conversation it enhances their status and power. I couldn't agree with this more because I think that men are always trying to impress somebody and therefore men always want center stage to prove that (Tannen 286).Thus, men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated. In spite of the differences between men and women that Tannen has shown, in the essay â€Å"Sex Differences† by Ronald Macaulay argues that there is no such thing and beyond any other semantic topic, there have been countles s absurdity about sex differences. Macaulay states, â€Å"Such stereotypes are often reinforced by works of fiction† (309). Tannen disagrees to this. There are differences on how men and women communicate.Tannen said that, â€Å"Men’s style is more literally focused on the message level of the talk, while women’s is focused on the relationship or metamessage level (289). For women, she wants the listener to engage, give feedback and be interested in showing attentiveness while men wants the listener to be quietly enrapt on what he is saying. An interesting fact that I found out in Tannen’s article, which I agree, is the way the men and women sit. They say that men are all spread out with their legs wide open, while women gathered themselves in (Tannen 285). This could not be truer.When I was in the lecturer hall, I just look around in my class and I see all of the guys all spread out and all the girls are like all curled up. Researches have found out tha t speakers using open-bodied position are more likely to persuade their audience (Tannen 285). In a nutshell we can conclude that men impose and lecture their side of the story when speaking while women on the other hand have a more open exchange of ideas. Besides that, men do not show any body signals indicating that they are listening but women on the other hand give signs that show their affirmation or support.Lastly, men generally dominate the conversation most of the time while women just listen passively. Work Cited Page. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"I’ll Explain It To You : Lecturing and Listening†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 281-293. Print. Holmes, Janet. â€Å"Woman Talks Too Much†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 299-305. Print. Rafelman, Rachel. â€Å"The Party Line†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 316-321. Print.

Conduct Disorder essays

Conduct Disorder essays As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. Examples of this can be seen in spanking, harsh reprimanding or even ignoring the childs behaviors. By using negative reinforcement, the parents are unknowingly strengthening the prevalence of these behaviors, and therefore, the risk of these types of activities to continue through adolescence is also heightened (Patterson, 1982). Children who tend to not comply with authority in infancy have a greater chance of having an aggressive temperament in adolescence (Kolvin, Nicol, Garside, Day Olweus, 1980; Webster-Stratton difficult children become adolescents, they present an even greater challenge for their parents, school officials, law enforcement and the community. Often ignored is the biggest challenge, which is the child dealing with this instability of his or her mental well-being. We will see in the research provided that conduct disorder is multifaceted, consisting of some components which are hard to conceptualize and of others that are common knowledge. However, each aspect is crucial in understanding the scope of this mental disorder, starting with its history of violence and ending with its lacking intervention. Conduct Disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood, affecting approximately 7% of boys and 3 % of girls in the general population (Meltzer, Gatward, Goodman, Ford, 2000). Unlike most mental disorders, which afflict solely the diagnosed party, conduct disor...

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA Pocos programas son ms controversiales que el de los controles migratorios que realiza la Patrulla Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el interior de los Estados Unidos. Su finalidad es determinar el estatus migratorio de las personas que son paradas e interrogadas. Pero aunque ese es su fin principal, tambià ©n llevan a cabo labores de bà ºsqueda de drogas. De hecho, en los controles de carretera es frecuente encontrar perros entrenados para esa funcià ³n (lo que causa problemas en Nuevo Mà ©xico para las personas que utilizan marihuana con fines mà ©dicos). Dnde pueden encontrarse estos controles migratorios y fronterizos de la CBP en el interior En cualquier punto dentro de 100 millas (160 km) a contar desde la frontera, tanto la de Mà ©xico como la norteà ±a con Canad. En el caso de los estados de California, Arizona, Nuevo Mà ©xico y Texas, donde son ms frecuentes, suelen estar a una distancia mxima de 75 millas (121 km) a contar desde la là ­nea fronteriza que separa Estados Unidos de Mà ©xico. Qu tipo de controles hay en el interior del pas Por carretera Fijos, que pueden operar casi las 24 horas del dà ­a. Se encuentran ubicados principalmente en carreteras interestatales y autopistas principales (highways). Mà ³viles, tambià ©n llamados tcticos, que van cambiando de ubicacià ³n. Autobuses, trenes, estaciones de transporte La CBP puede efectuar controles tambià ©n siempre y cuando tenga lugar a menos de 100 millas de la frontera. En la actualidad este tipo de control est casi limitado a los estados del suroeste (frontera con Mà ©xico). Es decir, busca en las estaciones de tren y autobà ºs y tambià ©n se puede subir a bordo. Antes de 2011 tambià ©n era frecuente en los estados del Norte, como Washington, Michigan, Maine o Nueva York, pero en la actualidad est limitados a casos muy concretos. Qu pregunta la CBP Realizan preguntas tipo:  ¿es usted ciudadano americano? ¿hacia dà ³nde va? ¿quà © est haciendo? ¿este auto es suyo? Respuestas que se le dan Un buen nà ºmero de ciudadanos americanos se niegan a contestar ya que consideran que es un ataque a su libertad e incluso a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitucià ³n. Pero conviene resaltar los siguientes puntos: La Patrulla Fronteriza puede parar y, en su caso, detener Ninguna persona est obligada a hablar sobre su estatus migratorio (7 derechos del inmigrante indocumentado si es arrestado o detenido).Lo cierto es que, por ley, los residentes permanentes legales estn obligados a llevar consigo la tarjeta de residencia (green card).Los extranjeros que estn legalmente en el paà ­s deberà ­a llevar consigo un documento que lo pruebe, como el I-20 (estudiantes), pasaporte con visa reglamentaria, etc.Los que està ©n ajustando su estatus, pueden llevar una prueba de ellos. Qu sucede si un indocumentado es agarrado en un control migratorio en el interior Puede ser expulsado inmediatamente de los Estados Unidos o iniciarse u proceso de deportacià ³n. Otras formas de viajar domsticamente dentro del pas Estos son los documentos que se admiten para poder embarcar en un avià ³n para un vuelo dentro de los Estados Unidos o de salida a otro paà ­s. A tener en cuenta La CBP cuenta en la actualidad con aproximadamente 20,000 agentes en todo el paà ­s. Este programa de control fronterizo interno es muy criticado por amplios sectores de la sociedad, desde ciudadanos que sufren retrasos por estar sujetos a ellos, a defensores de las libertades civiles o de los derechos de los inmigrantes. La presidencia de Donald Trump est ocasionando  un gran impacto en asuntos migratorios, por lo que es conveniente estar informado y evitar ser và ­ctima de fraudes por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que se aprovechan del miedo y prometen cosas que, simplemente, no son posibles. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool Essay

SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool - Essay Example The next section will tackle SWOT analysis' advantages and limitations. The paper will conclude with its findings. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis is one of the most widely utilized strategic management tools in assessing the position of a business entity. This analysis is an integration of the results of other tools like the PESTEL analysis, industry analysis, and internal analysis. The company's strengths and weaknesses are derived from internal analysis while the PESTEL and industry analyses provide the required information to ascertain the opportunities and threats specific to the company. According to Thomson (2004), a company's strength is "something a company is good at doing or a characteristic that gives it enhanced competitiveness." A strength can take several forms like a skill or important expertise, valuable physical assets valuable human assets, valuable intangible assets, competitive capabilities, an achievement or attribute that puts the company in a position of market advantage, and alliances or cooperative ventures. Meanwhile, a weakness denotes to a something that a company lacks or is not good at doing relative to its competitors and puts the company in a disadvantage. ... tity: "deficiencies in competitively important skills or expertise or intellectual capital of one kind or another; lack of competitively important physical, organizational or intangible assets; and missing or weak competitive capabilities in key areas" (Thomson 2002). Opportunities are essential external factors, which can propel the business entity into higher profitability. However, distinction should be made in order to determine whether an opportunity is an industry or company opportunity. While company opportunity is an opportunity specific to a business institution, industry opportunity needs to be thoroughly evaluated in order to assess if a company has the required resources to take advantage of the opportunity. Threats are external factors which causes threats to a business entity's profitability and competitive well-being. An Application The following table shows the SWOT analysis as applied to the large computer manufacturer Dell, Inc. Strengths Weaknesses large market share strong brand equity no inventory buildup cost efficiency direct to customer business model customization total command of supply chain strategic alliance with suppliers no proprietary technology high dependence on component suppliers Opportunities Threats strong potential markets in Europe, China , and India low costs and advanced technology growth in business, education, and government markets more intense rivalry currency fluctuations high customer bargaining power SWOT Analysis: A Critique SWOT analysis is indeed a useful tool in determining the internal capability and incapability and the external forces that affects the operation and profitability of a business organization. As shown above, SWOT analysis is very useful in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Dell,

Reflected Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflected Summery - Essay Example vities that occur within the organizational environment, models like McKinsey 7-S help to secure better methodology for many different university activities. These include marketing, employee relationship development, training, and developing better core competencies to give the university more enrollment and better brand presence. Consultation with literature regarding risk management identified that many for-profit businesses struggle with identifying risks proactively. However, models like the McKinsey 7-S model provide opportunities to expand beyond just the internal structural and operational environments and view the impact of activities on the outside world. At the same time, it helps to understand what forces pull or push new decision-making when considering external forces, such as customers, partnerships with external consultants, and building relationships with outside stakeholders. These understandings are vital for universities that are always in a constant state of change and for one like Heriot that is looking for new methods to stay competitive and meet student needs effectively. The core competency of culture is another important identity for Heriot since it is necessary to gain inter-organizational support to meet the objective of a more future-focused and student-centered philosophy. The attitudes, values and activities of staff, administration and students, as well as external partners, require a variety of cohesive strategies to ensure that the entire organization is aligned to meeting tomorrow’s goals. There is so much of strategy involved in university operations, upon reflection, based on the mission and vision of a change objective and trying to project where the organization might be five or even 10 years into the future. The Focus on the Future project provided knowledge about the long-term consequences of improper change, inability to gain cultural support from within, and putting too much reliance on the expertise of outside

Sales Engineering Division Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Engineering Division - Essay Example In this scenario, one can conceive that while Terrill is trying to accomplish the responsibility of being a good leader, he also makes it a point that he listens to what his subordinates will say, an indication that he wants his decisions to be reasonable enough for the welfare of his followers. Terrill belongs to Leadership Era 4, where relational theories were being applied to stabilize organizations. Terrills commitment to improve the status of productivity and to inhibit himself, as well as the management from intervening in the work of the sales engineering division, shows his dedication to turning around what has been the usual practice which is being spearheaded by those in the top management. He wanted to bring out the best among his followers, and that is the reason why he wanted to let them work as a team and use their expertise as engineers, and not as mere pencil pushers. Diversely, the headquarters belong to leadership era 2, where rules were set by management. They have forced employees to follow not what they think is proper, but what the management thinks is right for them (Daft 21). In other words, employees were being treated as followers alone, depriving them with the right to influence management decisions. If in the same position as Terrill, the most appropriate approach to consider would be to adopt the relational theories. Disputes arise between management and employees that would cause conflict obliging leaders to mediate and implement actions that will not cause harm to both parties. The manager, who serves as a leader, should also act as a follower who will bridge the gap between the management and the sales engineering division through means of establishing relationships and regular communication. When healthy working relationships are built, eventually all things will follow e.g. increase in productivity, performance

Consequence Global warming

Consequence Global warming Introduction Climate change and a consequence global warming can be seen all around us. It has already started shaping each and every aspect of our lives in more than one ways: from how we travel to what products we buy to where we live. Hence, there is a concern that the use of non-renewable fuels and other human activities are increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. To avoid this, enthusiasm is spreading for cap-and-trade systems to regulate the amount of CO2 emitted to Earths atmosphere. A new currency is emerging in world markets. Unlike the dollars, Euros and yen that trade for tangible goods and human services, this new money exchanges for pollutionparticularly emissions of carbon dioxide, which are caused by burning fossil fuels and are the leading cause of global climate change. Carbon credits, as they are called, are poised to transform the world energy system and thus the world economy. Carbon credits are used as a currency that allows companies and individuals to compensate their carbon emissions. This is done by either reducing carbon dioxide release directly or through offsetting their GHG outputs. Carbon Credits originated historically from The United Nations Clean Development Mechanism which was under the Kyoto Protocol. It allows a fixed quantity of carbon credits to be traded. It is important for people to limit their impact on the environment and buy carbon credits to offset what they cant reduce and work towards reducing their offsets. Carbon trading as per the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a big business in the open markets. Projects such as development of renewable energy, improving polluting industries, and planting carbon absorbing sinks are being funded by carbon credits. Companies and people are becoming carbon conscious by reducing their emissions. Many types of events and workings can generate carbon offsets. Renewable energy such as the wind farms, solar panels, geothermal energy, bio energy and small hydro turbines can create carbon offsets by replacing fossil fuels. Other varieties of offsets available for sale in the market include those including methane capturing from landfills or livestock, destruction of harmful greenhouse gases such as halocarbons, and carbon removal projects (such as reforestation) that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Emission levels are increasing around the world and this has resulted in a number of companies wishing to buy more carbon credits. This would result in an increase in its market price and this would encourage businesses to perform more eco-friendly activities which would create more carbon credits to sell. Developed countries spend nearly $400-450 for every ton of reduction in CO2, as compared to $10-$25 spent by developing countries. Indias GHG emission is below the target and therefore, it can sell surplus credits to other countries. India is considered to possess about 31% of the total world carbon trade. This implies a trade opportunity of $25bn by 2010.This makes trading in carbon credits such a major business opportunity. Indiahas emerged as the leading horse in this race. More than 300 Indian entities have proceeded with their application for registering their CDM Project to avail carbon credits. Currently,1 carbon credit is worth 14 Euros. Indian companies can pose higher incomes from carbon credits as compared to their core business. The global carbon credit market was estimated $30 billion last year andis it is growing at tremendous pace. There is a need and a consequent demand to reduce 1 billion ton of carbon emissions in the world, in order to deal with threats like global warming. Indian companies have realized that money can be earned by becoming eco-friendly. With new infrastructure sector like power and steel developing in India, the carbon credit market will gain stature. The 800 million farming community in India also has an opportunity to sell Carbon Credits to developed nations. Companies like Wal-Mart, Dell and GE are going GREEN and purchasing carbon credits. These companies are improving their brand name, consumer confidence in their products. Global Warming Some Facts Global Warming Phenomenon Global warming has brought about one of the biggest challenges for planet earth in the 21st century. There is a global concern about the adverse impact of the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) on the planet earths climate. Global warming is a phenomenon of gradual increase in earths temperature as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases. This is mainly due to two reasons: increase in human activities which have led to an increased production of Greenhouse Gases, and a reduction in the Earths natural Carbon Dioxide due to Deforestation. The green house effect has led to an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the earths surface. Shortwave light comes from the sun to the earth, and it passes unimpeded through a cover of greenhouse gases composed mainly of water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Infrared radiation reflects off the planets surface toward space but does not easily pass through the thermal blanket. Some of it is trapped and reflected downward, keeping the planet at an average temperature suitable to life, about 60 °F (16 °C). Increase in the quantity of greenhouse gases is trapping more heat and increasing global temperatures, making a process that has been beneficial to life potentially disruptive and harmful. The major natural greenhouse gases on Earth are Greenhouse Gases % of Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 70% Methane (CH4) 20% Nitrous Oxide 5% Fluorinated Gases 5% The atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 31% and 149% respectively above pre-industrial levels since 1750. These levels are considerably higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years. Effects of Global Warming Action must be taken against greenhouse effect, otherwise it could lead to an increase in average global temperature between 2 and 4 degrees and this could happen as early as the year 2030. This increase in temperature would be more towards the poles as compared to the tropics. This would also result in more winters becoming warmer. Such an increase will make the world hotter than it has ever been in the last 100,000 years. The rate of increase in temperature will also be faster than ever before. Just a comparison, a rise of approx 3 degrees Celsius after the ice age took many thousands of years. By the end of this century temperatures can reach those that were in the time of the dinosaurs making the survival of humans impossible. The effects can already be seen- the ten hottest years since the 18th century have been in the previous 15 years. Hurricanes will occur more frequently as oceans heat up resulting in increased water evaporation. Evidence is building at an dangerous rate. Droughts Continental areas will dry out in summer. Floods Sea levels are currently rising at a rate of around 1 mm each year due the top layer expansion of the oceans as they heat up and the polar ice caps melts. The predicted increase in the sea level by 2050 is between 20 and 50mm. This will cause greater flooding in coastal and low lying areas. Carbon Emission A major feature One of the major greenhouse gases is the carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Trees grow and they absorb CO2 from the air. Forest clearance and the burning of wood (tropical rain forests) are adding the CO2 to the atmosphere. Deforestation is getting out of control. The loss of the forests implies that there are lesser trees to absorb CO2. Despite deforestation making a large contribution towards global warming, it causes lesser contribution than half the yearly total CO2 released, the remaining and major part comes from burning coal, fossil fuels and oils. The fossil fuels are consumed in cars, power stations and factories. Nearly half of the CO2 which is released by burning fossil fuels is absorbed back by the oceans. It is taken up by sea life or it is dragged to the ocean depths by the circulation of water. Recent studies have suggested that as the earth heats up, the oceans will become less efficient in absorbing Carbon di-oxide, leaving more of CO2 in the atmosphere and hence adding further to global warming. The following Pie Chart shows the various countries globally responsible for increasing shares of carbon dioxide emission. Source: news.mongabay.com Efforts to contain Global warming It is imperative to slow down the global warming as much as possible. This would in effect happen by using less fossil fuel, eliminating the uses CFCs altogether, and stopping irregular deforestation. This can be done through energy conservation, better use of public transport, more efficient cars, and energy efficiency by greater use of alternative sources of power which produces less CO2 than conventional sources and through renewable energy such as solar power. We have to stop deforestation of rain forests and start afforestation. A United Nations research panel has estimated that we should reduce global fuel use by 60% immediately so that we can stabilize the climate changes. Current commitments by some governments participating in CO2 reduction will lower global CO2 by just 4 6%. The developed industrialized nations produce most of the CO2, the developing nations of South America and Asia are increasing their CO2 release at a much greater rate, and by 2012 they will overtake the Western countries as the major producers of CO2. KYOTO PROTOCOL OVERVIEW Kyoto Protocol A response to curtail Global Warming The Kyoto Protocol acts as an amendment to the international treaty of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (â€Å"UNFCCC†). It pledges mandatory emission norms to the nations who have signed the protocol for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It was established December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. Countries that ratify this protocol pledge to reduce their CO2 and five other greenhouse gases emissions, and/or engage in emissions trading if they increase emissions of these gases. The Kyoto Protocol now encompasses more than 160 countries around the globe and more than 60% of countries in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol works upon a collective reduction of 5% compared to 1990 levels by 2008-2012. This treaty expires in 2012 and international talks have already begun in May 2007 to chalk out a new future treaty to succeed the current one. Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report. 2001 Climate Change : The Scientific Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Green house gases have a disastrous effect on global warming with varying proportions. This intensity is measured by the global warming potential of the gas. The GWP of carbon dioxide is one. One tonne of HFC-23 gas, for example, has 11,700 times more green house effect as compared to CO2. CERs are awarded on the basis of global warming potential of the gas. CER to a gas = Tonnes of green house gas reduced X Global Warming Potential of the Gas Features of Kyoto Protocol As per the Kyoto Protocol, Governments have been divided into two broad categories: Developed countries (they have accepted GHG emission reduction obligations and they are mandated to submit an annual greenhouse gas inventory report) Developing countries (they have no GHG emission reduction obligations but they can participate in Clean Development Mechanism) As per the rules, Any Annex I country which fails to meet the Kyoto obligation would be penalized by been mandated to submit 1.3 times its emission allowances in the second commitment period for every ton of GHG emissions cap they exceed in their first commitment period. The objective of the protocol is the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.† It aims to Put a limit onclimate change and global warming Reduce arbitrary usage of fossil fuels and encourage development and use of renewable energy Encourage sustainable development Operation of Emission Trading System Mechanisms under Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol pioneered by defining three innovative and distinct â€Å"flexibility mechanisms† to reduce the overall costs of achieving the set emissions targets. These mechanisms enable countries and organizations to adopt cost-effective opportunities to reduce emissions and/or to remove carbon from the atmosphere. While the cost of putting a cap on emissions varies considerably from region to region, thebenefit for the atmosphere is the same, no matter where the action is taken. Joint Implementation (JI): The Kyoto Protocol provides clauses for developed countries to implement projects that reduce emissions, and/or remove carbon from the atmosphere as per the Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). These ERUs can be potentially used to meet the emission reduction targets. A JI project may involve, for example, replacing a coal-fired power plant with a more efficient combined heat and power plant. JI projects must have a prior approval of all the entities involved, and must lead to emissions reductions or removal that are additional to any that would have occurred without the project. International Emission Trading (IET): The Kyoto Protocol also provides that developed countries can get carbon units from other developing parties and use them for meeting their emissions target. This enables developed countries to use low cost opportunities to reduce emissions. Such countries must, consequently, be prepared to transfer units when they do not require them for compliance with their own emission targets.CER: Certified Emission Reduction Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Developed countries can take up GHG reduction project activities in developing countries where the cost of greenhouse gas reduction project activities is lower. The developed country would get the credits for meeting its emission targets. The developing country would get the capital and technology to implement the project. This technique is called Clean Development Mechanism. CDM covers projects in countries without any set targets, i.e. developing countries. Credits would be issued only for reductions if a project provides real and long-term climate change benefits. The main advantages for countries hosting CDM or JI emission reduction projects are the transfer of technology, attraction of foreign investment, and the contribution to the countrys sustainable development. GLOBAL SCENARIO The international CDM market has entered a high phase, having grown steadily after the Kyoto Protocol came into effect. The emission reduction targets during the first commitment phase of 2008 -12 for Annex II countries, are 713 Million tone CO2 eq. The initial national communication submitted by Annex I countries indicates a total demand of 846 Million tonne CO2 eq. per year based on the individual country commitment and action to reduce emissions. The Past highlights of the International carbon market are: In 2006, market traded an estimated 1.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) in all market segments compared to approximately 799 million tCO2e in 2005. Similarly, the financial value more than doubled from 2005 to 2006, with a total estimate of USD 22.5 billion for all market segments. In 2007, the market traded an estimated 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2e, at a total financial size of USD 23.6 billion. The projection for carbon market towards 2010 indicates With a high scenario, wherein the private sector predominates, the global carbon market can reach around USD 200 billion. With limited private sector participation and some speculations, it can be restricted to as low as USD 4.6 billion. It is estimated that the real market will be somewhere in between these two extremes with a forecasted carbon trade of USD 30 billion. INDIAN SCENARIO India is presently one of the world leaders in development of CDM projects. It is due to the Indian Designated National Authority that more than 297 project proposals with an emission reduction potential of over 297 million t CO2 have received the approval of the official host country. A wide range of project sizes and types in India help international buyers find the project of their choice or work upon a project portfolio to reduced risks. There is a huge evident potential for renewable energy generation from natural factors such as agriculture wastes, hydro and wind. Thermal electricity generation offers unlimited opportunities to improve energy efficiency. One example is the coal-fired power plants and the related transmission and distribution system. The chemical industry also allows reductions of industrial GHG which have large warming potentials The Carbon RUSH JSW Steel: The CDM has made environmental responsibility acceptable for India Industries. Recycle, reuse and reduce have become commercially viable as companies reprocess waste and heat, and cut down carbon emissions. Indias JSW Steel has been awarded about 5.4 million carbon credits, which includes 4 million carbon credits obtained from the single largest issuance of emissions permit by the U.N. to a Kyoto Protocol project. The 4 million credit issuance accounted for 6.5 % of the total 62 million CERs which were allocated by the UN. A total of around with 42 % of all issued credits have been assigned to ongoing projects in India. CERs were issued to two projects owned by JSW Steel for reducing greenhouse gas emissions between 2001 and 2006. Their CDM projects cut gases emitted through power generation from imported coal and waste gases from JSWs steel manufacturing operations. Current Problems with the Environment Integrity of CDM a practical perspective Unfortunately, despite pressure from the environmental community and other sectors, the CDM rules and the project design document still offer little guarantee of environmental integrity. The main weaknesses of CDM procedures in that regard include: The contribution to sustainable development including a transition away from ‘carbon dirty technologies and an emphasis on positive social and environmental impacts is often treated as an optional extra rather than a central project feature. Demand reform in CDM procedures so that there is transparency; accountability of different players (penalties on consultants and DOEs) Demand price negotiations have to be made public, otherwise will lead to corruption Demand simpler procedures (less convoluted methodologies for additionalityetc) so that meaningful projects can work Large public companies (GAIL, SAIL, IOCL, etc)are yet to take off with CDM business, due to lack of knowledge of CDM opportunities Potential in small and medium enterprises yet to be tapped Lack of transparency in CDM market Limited bilateral investment for project funding Governments role critical as a facilitator with different bilateral /multilateral organizations in organizing Carbon trade fairs or expos Number of Bilateral CDM projects need to be increased with more foreign investment for project funding Lack of awareness about CDM Tedious process High cost involved for documentation, validation and Monitoring Verification of emission reductions Inability of new promoters to bring in equity to be able to avail of financing As mentioned above, these problems stem in part from the weaknesses in the existing rules. At the same time, while it is possible that these flaws will be rectified by the CDM Executive Board in the near-future, the extreme pressure from investors to keep carbon prices at their lowest is forcing the project developers to cut corners. Business Implications The London financial marketplace has established itself as the center of the carbon finance market as a market for trading of the carbon emissions as per the Kyoto Protocol. This was estimated at $60 billion in 2007. The irony in the carbon trading endeavor could be noticed from the fact that it was the major multinational corporations who came together in the G8 Climate Change Roundtable, at the January 2005 World Economic Forum. This group was primarily a business group formed by 23 companies. Since, these corporations are the ones who have been chief proponents of ‘overconsumption, it seemed like a method by way of which they could clear their conscience of the damage that they were causing to the environment and planet earth. In June 2005 the Group published a statement stating that there was a need to act on climate change and the stress was on market-based solutions. The business in the UK and elsewhere have come out strongly in support of emissions trading as a key tool to limit the effects of climate change, and these efforts have been supported by Green NGOs. As per the Unites Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation FAO, approx 32 million acres of forests vanish each year, majority of them are in the tropics. The most important reason for forest clearing is the increasing need for agricultural land. The WWF has warned that if appropriate steps are not taken, more than 60 percent of the rain forests in the Amazon basin could disappear by 2030. Carbon trading was introduced by the Kyoto Protocol as a possible solution of the efforts to reduce GHG emissions to below 1990 levels by 2012. The mainstream idea was that the countries whose emissions are below the prescribed emissions could then sell those excess carbon credits to countries that do not meet their own caps. The caps are proposed to decrease over time and the price of carbon credits would rise due to scarcity. These signals towards a changing trend of carbon emission trading which would include a new global carbon emission based investment market, where companies and countries have incentives to invest in developing projects across the globe. All this is happening for the wrong reasons, as this is a method of obtaining the highly coveted carbon credits. This seems to be a sore point for those against carbon trading. As an example, Google has a market value of $200 billion, while all the worlds great forests are valued at nothing. The economic argument says that it makes it financially more appealing to countries not to allow their forests to be cut down. Moral tradeoff Some critiques of Carbon Emission Trading believe that there is a huge moral trade off in place. A study on child care centres in Israel showed that imposing monetary fines on late coming parents did not teach them a lesson in punctuality; in fact, this created an economic trade off as now the parents could voluntarily come late and get away by paying fines. Drawing an analogy from it, the carbon credit trading is on similar lines except that one firm can be willing to pay for extra emissions by compensating the other firm which reduces its carbon emissions. This increases a scarcity and hence the price of carbon pollution. Can the interests of both the rich the poor be served? The major concern about the entire carbon credit trading evolution is the belief that the carbon emission trading really serves rich nations only; the main stream issue being that carbon trading could put the vital resources of the developing world in the hands of developed nations who can then use carbon credits as a way to counter the reductions of their own GHG emissions at the same time. The World Bank recently launched the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), a fund which is financed by the leading countries such as UK, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Denmark and Finland. The $160 million fund would be used to support programs targeting the drivers of deforestation and develop concrete activities to reach out to poor people who depend on forests to improve their livelihoods. It will also help developing countries build the technical, regulatory, and sustainable forestry capacity to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation. There has always been confusion over the exact role that the World Bank is trying to play in carbon trading market. The World Bank claims to be aiming at reducing global deforestation by 10 percent by 2010. But its critics claim the World Bank has traditionally been an exponent of deforestation. There has also been concern over the consequences of carbon trading scheme on local forest communities that earn their daily living from the forests. Substantiating with an example -In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) the World Bank is facing opposition from Pygmy groups and local communities which rely on the Congo basin for their living. There have been reports that accuse the Bank of encouraging commercial logging practices while ignoring sustainable forestry and conservation. The report also claims that the financial benefits of logging have gone to foreign firms, not the local ones. This makes one wonder what the real intentions of the World Bank are. The Million Dollar Question!!! EMISSIONS TRADING COMMODIFIES Carbon. Does this Really Help Solve Climate Change problem? Exponents of carbon trading see markets as the best mechanism for reducing emissions. The critics, on the other hand, believe that carbon trading is a devils bargain that navigates the profits to polluters. You cant solve problems just by using money, the old saying goes. Capitalists have a monetary solution to problems and they believe that the markets are the solutions to everything. They reverse this equation by turning problems from money-hoarding pits to money-makers. Essentially, they try to seek the profit motive to ‘cure societys woes by transforming problems into commodities. This is the set strategy behind the emerging carbon trading markets. The Solution as per the Carbon Trading Proponents By trading the capped carbon emission rights, the rights become scarcer and hence more valuable. Cap-and-trade markets help solve climate change by lowering carbon emissions while generating wealth for the developing nations! If only it were so simple!!! The first contentious question is about how to distribute carbon emission rights: auction or allocation. In 2006, the experiment with carbon credit pricing came to a collapse when it became known that the EU was, either naively or corruptly, handing out too many emission rights to companies based on their estimates. Obviously, their emissions came out to be much lower which gave them a right to trade the left over unconsumed carbon credits. There seemed no real intention of reducing the carbon emissions. â€Å"The dirtier you are, the bigger your entitlement . . . the polluter was paid.† British journalist George Monbiot. The second problem with carbon trading is about mandatory versus voluntary markets. The US, the largest carbon emitter in the world has not signed onto the Kyoto Protocol. To fill this regulatory gap, voluntary carbon markets such as the Chicago Climate Exchange have sprouted up. With proper market design which implies no price cap and a financial penalty for non-compliance -carbon trading forces the movement to cleaner technology and consequent emissions reductions. Carbon trading critics charge and claim that the financial benefits overshadow environmental concerns. With the carbon price suppressed and lowered, polluters energy providers, utilities, oil companies etc have little incentive to curb the rising GHG emissions, thus making the current system undermine the environment and the planet. Also, critics see it as an extension of colonialist exploitation. The third problem relates to the monetary and economic aspect. In reality cap and trade carbon markets have done little to reduce emissions and are plagued by corruption and inefficiency. The worlds carbon trading markets are becoming increasingly complex and this threatens another sub-prime style financial crisis that could again destabilise the global economy. There is also a distinct smell of middlemen involvement. The majority of the trade is carried out not between polluting industries and factories covered by carbon trading schemes, but by banks and investors who profit from speculation on the carbon markets packaging carbon credits into increasingly complex financial products. Conclusion A rational reasoning Even as they gain popularity as a carbon mitigating solution, carbon offsets have often been dubbed under considerable criticism for diluting collective action against global warming. The truth, however, exists in between. Proponents exist on both sides of the debate. We all participate in the consumption of fossil-fuel energy. These emit large amounts of climate-changing CO2 and other GHG gases. The terms carbon offset and carbon neutral have been used as a misnomer it is actually the idea of erasing the negative impact of our daily carbon emissions which drives the carbon offset market and its related controversy. A rational reasoning says that â€Å"You cannot make up for the use of carbon buying the power of money to leverage yourself into a position of freedom from responsibility for emitting it once the damage is done, its done. Ultimately what it all boils down to is the question of choosing from the rich display of effective opportunities that can be adopted if necessary actions are taken while ignoring, at the same time, the capitalistic monetary solutions like offsets.