The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essays

The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essays The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essay The Demerara Slave Revolt Essay Essay The 1823 slave revolt in Demarara. Guyana. started on a sugar plantation called â€Å"Plantation Success†- on the east seashore of the settlement on August 23. It spread throughout the nearby country to affect slaves from at least 55 plantations. In entire. around 10 thousand of the about 75 thousand slaves who lived in the settlement rose in violent rebellion against their oppressors. The rebellion would hold been even larger. nevertheless. had the slaves succeeded in their end of distributing the rebellion to the western portion of the settlement. As it was. the rebellion still alarmed the local plantation owners sufficiently to react rapidly. and with utmost force. Using both army units and local reserves. the plantation owners and colonial functionaries killed several hundred of the arising slaves. and imprisoned 100s more to stand test and face executing. Within yearss. the rebellion had been put down. Two elements made the Demerara Revolt instead unusual. First. it mostly consisted of. and was chiefly led by Creole slaves. This upset the traditional British impression that although the wilder African-born slaves might revolt. the Creole slaves were more docile and accepting of their destiny. This was a rough challenge to any semblance of bondage as a civilizing system. In a universe in which the plantation owners had already seen the abolishment of the slave trade. and in which they could see the abolishment of bondage itself looming in the foreseeable hereafter. it was peculiarly unsettling. Besides fazing was the function played by antislavery groups from England. The unconformist evangelical motion was peculiarly involved in seeking to stop bondage wholly. From at least as early 1808. The London Missionary Society had sent missionaries to Demerara to prophesy and learn among the slaves of the settlement. Planter sentiment was ambivalent. Some thought that faith may assist maintain the slaves in cheque. Other saw the missionaries as unsafe spirit wakers. One missional – John Wray – was expelled from the settlement once it became known that he had been learning the slaves to read. Another missional – John Smith – replaced him. Besides back uping the slaves and contending for their cause. Smith kept keeping church for the slaves. He besides fought against planters’ efforts at maintaining their slaves from holding Sundays away and from go toing church. In the terminal. the battle for the slaves’ rights to hold Sundays off became a cardinal issue in the slaves’ grudges that led to the rebellion. Making usage of spiritual meetings to besides discourse political ideas and plan the rebellion. the slaves created a nexus between the missionaries and the rebellion that the missionaries may non hold been cognizant of. Historians tend to propose that Smith was unknowing. The plantation owners had a different position. In the wake of the rebellion. they arrested Smith and had him sentenced to decease by hanging for his function in the rebellion. Before his sentence could be carried out. nevertheless. Smith died in prison. The decease of 1000s of slaves. and of the white curate John Smith led to blatant reactions in England. People felt that the rebellion and its wake revealed the brutal and inhumane behaviour of the plantation owners. This helped beef up the anti-slavery motion in England. as statements of plantation owner savageness were subsequently used to back up the 1833 Parliamentary opinion to stop bondage in the British Caribbean. The Demarara Revolt hence highlights the of import functions played by both the slaves and the emancipationist groups in England in conveying about the abolishment of bondage in the British West Indies. In England. some administrations were established to run for the abolishment of bondage in the British settlements. In April 1823 a gesture was presented in the House of Commons naming for a gradual abolishment of bondage in all British settlements. but it was defeated because the bulk felt that abolishment of bondage would go forth the plantation owners without a labour force. Alternatively. steps to better the status of slaves were adopted. These ordered that female slaves should non be whipped as penalty and drivers should non transport whips in the field. These new betterment regulations were sent in a missive to all Governors of British settlements. Governor John Murray intentionally delayed its promotion. He received the missive on 23 June 1823 and waited until 2 July to show it to the Court of Policy. pressing the members. who were all slave proprietors. non to move on it instantly. It was non until 7 August the Court of Policy passed the needed declarations to follow the betterment regulations. While the betterment regulations were expecting acceptance in the Court of Policy. house slaves overheard their Masterss discoursing them. Not to the full understanding the deductions of the new regulations. they felt that the plantation owners had received instructions to put the slaves free but were declining to make so. This rumor was passed on to other slaves. One of these slaves. Jack Gladstone. heard the rumor from a slave owned by the Governor. and he wrote a missive to the members of Bethel Chapel informing them of the affair and signed his father’s name on it. His male parent was Quamina. a senior deacon of Bethel Chapel. On 25 July. Quamina. on acquisition of the affair. approached Rev. John Smith and informed him that the King of England had granted freedom to the slaves but it was being withheld. Smith said that he had non heard of any such order and added that he had heard that the British Government wanted to do ordinances to better the state of affairs impacting the slaves. but non to put them free. Quamina was non satisfied with what he heard and seemingly reported to the other slaves. some of whom began to do readyings to prehend their freedom which they felt was being intentionally kept off from them. The slaves in East Demerara were convinced that the Governor and their Masterss were keep backing their freedom from them and many of them felt they had no other option than to lift up against those who were non transporting out the King’s orders. On the forenoon of Sunday 17 August 1823 slaves at Mahaica met together at Plantation Success and three of them. Jack Gladstone. a Cooper on that plantation. Joseph Packwood and Manuel. assumed some sort of leading of the group. All of them began to be after an uprising. but Gladstone’s father. Quamina. who arrived at the meeting subsequently. objected to any bloody rebellion and suggested that the slaves should travel on work stoppage. When person asked if they should acquire guns to protect themselves. Quamina. a senior deacon at Rev. John Smith’s church. said he would hold to seek the advice of the missional on this affair. Quamina departed for Bethel Chapel at Le Ressouvenir. and after the Sunday service. he and two other slaves. Manuel and Seaton. went to Smith’s place. There they told the priest that the directors of the plantation should travel to Georgetown to â€Å"fetch up the New Law† . Smith rebuked them and advised them against talking to any of the directors about this. stating if they did so they would arouse the Governor. He begged them to wait until the Governor and their Masterss tell them about the new ordinances. When Quamina told Smith of the uprising being planned. the priest asked them to state the other slaves. peculiarly the Christians. non to arise. Quamina promised to obey Smith and he sent his two comrades to press other slaves non to arise. He besides told Smith he would direct a message in the eventide to the Mahaica slaves non to lift up against their Masterss. But despite Quamina’s attempts. the slaves were determined to arise from the following eventide. Their program was to prehend all guns on the plantations. lock up the White persons during the dark and so direct them to the Governor on the undermentioned forenoon to convey the â€Å"New Law† . Quamina urged them non to be violent in the procedure. But on the forenoon of Monday 18 August. the program was betrayed by Joseph Packwood. a house slave. who told his maestro about it. The plantation proprietor. Simpson. instantly gave this information to Governor Murray who with a group of soldiers rode up to the country of Le Ressouvenir and La Bonne Intention where he met a big group of armed Africans on the route. He asked them what they wanted and they replied. â€Å"Our right. † He so ordered them to give up their arms. and after they refused. he warned that their noncompliance would do them to lose whatever new benefits the new ordinances intended to give to them. Murray told them to travel place and to run into with him at Plantation Felicity the following forenoon. But the slaves refused this invitation and the Governor later that twenty-four hours proclaimed soldierly jurisprudence. It was really late that afternoon when Rev. John Smith foremost heard of the rebellion. In a note to his source. Jackey Reed. a slave who attended his church. he stated that hasty. violent steps were contrary to Christianity and begged Reed non to take part in the rebellion. Shortly after. while Smith and his married woman were walking on the plantation. they saw a big group of noisy African slaves outside the place of Hamilton. the director of Le Ressouvenir. Smith begged them non to harm Hamilton. but they told him to travel place. That dark the slaves seized and locked up White directors and superintendents on many plantations in East Demerara. There was really small force since the slaves seemingly heeded the petition made by Quamina. The Whites of course were really terrified and they feared they would be killed. But the slaves who were chiefly Christians did non desire to lose their spiritual character and they proclaimed that their action was a work stoppage and non a rebellion. The following twenty-four hours an Anglican priest. Wilthsire Austin. suggested to Governor Murray that he and Smith should be allowed to run into with the slaves to press them to return to work. But the Governor refused this to accept this suggestion. On Wednesday 20 August. the state of affairs took a unusual bend when Smith was arrested and charged for promoting the slaves to arise. The charges besides claimed that he conspired with Quamina and that he failed to inform the Governor of the planned rebellion. Out of an estimated 74. 000 slaves in the united Colony of Essequibo-Demerara about 13. 000 took portion in the rebellion. And out of the 350 estates in the Colony. merely about 37 were involved. No uncertainty. many who did non take portion sympathised with the Rebels and shared their intuition that the plantation owners would save no attempts to forestall them from obtaining their freedom. The rebellion collapsed really rapidly since the slaves. despite being armed. were ill organised. A group of soldiers commanded by Colonel Leahy clashed with about 2. 000 African slaves at Bachelor’s Adventure and viciously crushed them and more than 250 were killed. Some who escaped were hunted down by Amerindian slave-catchers and shooting. Quamina himself was shot dead by Amerindian slave-catchers in the backlands of Chateau Margot and his organic structure was subsequently publically hanged. Jack Gladstone was subsequently arrested and besides hanged. Because Rev. Smith was close to the leaders of the rebellion. he was arrested and charged for holding cognition that the slaves would arise and for non informing the governments. His apprehension which was encouraged by many of the plantation owners was seen as an act of retaliation against the priest for prophesying to the slaves. Smith denied the charge but he was imprisoned for seven hebdomads in Colony House before being tried by a tribunal Martial. He was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged. He appealed to the British Government which later ordered a commuting of the decease sentence and that he should be set free. However. while expecting the consequences of his entreaty to get from England. he died from pneumonia in his prison. The information that he was acquitted arrived in Georgetown after his funeral.

How to Hone the Right Tone in Business Writing

How to Hone the Right Tone in Business Writing Where is the line between personality and professionalism in business writing tone? How much of our personality should shine through our documents? I hear this question about tone in business writing tone often in business writing courses. Many business people mistakenly hide behind templates or use corporate-speak language in an attempt to fit in and "sound professional. "Transparency" is a commonly bantered-about term, but not easily defined. We can easily sound bossy or timid when we don't mean to. Whether we like it or not, we do project an image about our competency, ease, confidence, personality, and skill in every document and message we write at work. Our business writing is a fantastic medium to convey our skills and professionalism and warmth, so we should embrace this and project the right tone. (Or, cultivate this if it needs work.) #1 Define the business writing tone you want to convey about yourself. Varying positions and industries and personalities do require unique tones.Depending on your position and field, it might be: Accessible and smart Supportive and kind Engaged and insightful In charge and the voice of authority Artistic and trendy Authoritarian Snarky but funny and smart (Caution with this. Many bloggers and some consultants adopt this and it works for only a rare few.) I strive for my business writing tone to be knowledgeable and helpful. Let's look at two extremes to find balance: unprofessional too much information (the dreaded TMI) tone contrasted with timid and stilted tone. Here is an actual too much information example, sent via Instant Message as part of an internal project team discussion, that illustrates a lack of professionalism. (This was sent by a female senior marketing manager to her team, comprised of men and women, in the US and abroad, some of whom she knew well and some she had never met): "Be back in a bit to chat away and answer IMs! I am off to work out my booty at break. Going back to Florida in 20 days! WOOT" This fails - badly - because it was irrelevant to any real work discussion and unprofessional. "Booty" isn't an appropriate topic to chat up with business colleagues, unless they are also your very close friends, and even then shouldn't be put in writing. Everything you write at work belongs to your employer and is discoverable in any legal review. I'm guessing no one wants a review of his or her booty workouts as part of a professional evaluation. This example is extremely off the mark because it also was sent to an international audience. Wider audience matters. And, wider audiences have varying perceptions. This writer works in a very casual satellite office located in Los Angeles, California, where communication norms are more relaxed than other areas. It's possible (but unlikely) that this extremely relaxed banter is acceptable within her local, small work group, but we need to keep focus on our wider audience as well. An older businessman from Asia (her boss) sent this example to me because he viewed it as extremely unprofessional. As a condition to keep her job, she was required to work with me to develop an authentic, but professional, voice in all her communication. Conversely, here is an example that is too stiff and timid, sent via email from the head of a work area to colleagues who lead other work areas. While I would love for the needs of all three departments to be factored in, however, I can also appreciate that your respective organizations have its own project list where you may or may not be able to allocate resources to work on this project. If that were the case, then we will take another approach towards selecting a solution. Please let me know your thoughts on this and if you are conceptually in agreement, then the name(s) of people in your respective group who would service as the functional lead on the project. I can then reach out to them to organize a kick-off meeting. If you feel that you will be unable to allocate resources to this project this year, then I would understand and would appreciate you letting me know about that too. This fails - less badly - because the writer's request is so indirect and tentative that it lacks authority. This doesn't convey the tone of someone competently in charge of leading a business unit with clear vision and confidence. #2 How then, can we be authentic and transparent, but not bleed all over our audience or be too timid? How do we hit the right balance? Easy: Always envision your audience. Provide the information that suits your audience's needs. In the first example, by simply considering her wider audience before sending this message, the writer would have known immediately that her international boss would not want to hear about a booty workout. In the second instance, the writer would realize colleagues need competent recommendations, not timid requests. Because we first have defined the tone in business writing that is right for our honest personality and position, we will naturally find the balance by matching this to audience. This works every time. Business communication is not about broadcasting or false personas. It's about connection. I do not advocate self-censorship of personality, beliefs, and way of being, but I do believe we must frame our message so our readers respect it. Too often in business, we forget it's really a human to human connection occurring. It is good business to bring our authentic selves to a mutual meeting place with our audience so we hear each other, so sales are made, skills gained, businesses grow and perspectives widen. Ready to commit to improving your business writing so that it becomes a career asset?

The Suicide tourist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Suicide tourist - Essay Example In countries such as Switzerland, legally operated clinics such as ‘Dignitas’ offer suicide assistance to patients who face an inevitably long and painful death in the not so distant future. The moral question that have been raised so far, revolve around the right for persons to end their own lives. This is evident in situations when death is imminent due to terminal illness. Moreover, the assisted suicide procedure has elicited controversial issues concerning the respect for personal rights and desires versus the threat for abuse. At the heart of this controversy is Dignitas and its patients seeking assisted suicide services. Evidently, Switzerland is the only country that permits foreigners to come and seek the services of assisted suicide. To this end, this paper will seek to establish the moral basis and acceptance of the right to end one’s life as an act preventing further suffering. Consequently, an innate understanding of Craig Ewert’s case in Ã¢â‚¬Ë œThe Suicide Tourist’ will provide insight into judging the morality of his actions. The Suicide Tourist is a compelling and moving documentary that narrates the last days and eventual assisted suicide of Craig Ewert. The documentary raised pertinent questions about the quality of life and the moral precinct of ending one’s life (Fuchs, 2010). To this end, Craig articulately posed strong and logical arguments regarding his decision to end his life. Craig was a 59 year old American citizen who relocated to England with his wife. As a professor of Computer Science, and his wife enrolled for a PhD in Law, things were going quite well until Craig was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease, also known as ALS ( Fuchs, 2010). The condition was a neurological terminal disease that would rapidly waste away his motor functions. To this end, he was given at most five years to live. However, 6 months after the diagnosis, Craig’s health had rapidly deteriorated to the po int that he could not walk, swallow food or breathe on his own without a ventilator. At this point, Craig decided to end his life and avoid a prolonged painful suffering and inevitable death. Upon discussion with his family, they came to accept that he was suffering and acknowledged that his death was imminent. Ultimately, Craig family supported his wishes to end his life. To this end, Craig sought the services of Dignitas clinic in Switzerland. The clinic offered suicide assistance to terminally ill patients that were faced with an inevitable death after prolonged pain and suffering. At this point, it is important to note the facts that led Craig’s decision in choosing to end his life rather than wait for his inevitable death. In his own words, Craig noted that his degenerative state would render him paralyzed without any functions of his motor functions. He knew that he would be essentially trapped in his own body without the luxury of being able to communicate or even move any part of his body. Consequently, he was aware that he would be trapped in his own body just waiting for death. To this end, time was of the essence since he had to solely partake the lethal dosage that would ultimately end his life. Furthermore, Craig asserted that he was not tired of living but was tired of the disease. In addition Craig delved in the moral concern raised over assisted suicide and its judgement based on

Is Libertarian Paternalism a good idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Libertarian Paternalism a good idea - Essay Example Nudge is the method of influencing behavior by ways of choice architecting. The feedback system in a school and incentive programs in organizations are all different example of this Nudge. Being a parent in this age is not an easy task. Over the decades the position of teenagers has changed considerably. There was once a time when all the focus was on the elder generations. The television programs, products etc everything targeted the elders. However this generation has seen a totally different side of affairs. If we look around we can see how much importance the younger generations are given. There are special products, television shows, movies and many other aspects of life which are entirely focused and dedicated to them. This treatment of teenagers has changed the ‘obedient child’ into an independent person. This person knows his rights and importance and therefore is not willing to give up any part of his independence. This phenomenon makes the life of parents even tougher. They have to control a generation of independent teenagers who are inexperienced about life no matter how much they brag about being all grownup. There are many different forms of knowledge. The internet has an adequate quantity of literature about everything and anything. There are some aspects of knowledge however which cannot be learned overnight. This branch of knowledge is usually referred to as experience. There are many decisions in life which require us to make choices that could not only affect us but also have considerable affects on others around us. We are forced to make those choices despite the fact that we sometimes are not ready to make them. This is the problem many parents face. They cannot interfere directly with decisions of their children but cannot also watch them ruin their own life. The parents are usually more experienced in making choices because they have seen

Critical Reading and Response on the Article “Letting Go” Essay Example for Free

Critical Reading and Response on the Article â€Å"Letting Go† Essay In the article â€Å"Letting Go† that was being published in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande addresses the issues regarding to the current medical care system that fails to meet the needs of the patients with terminal illness. Gawande points out that the patients want to spend more quality time with their family members and having some special last moments rather than struggling to stay alive when they know that the chances are thin. Knowing the time to let go was one of the crucial part of the art of dying which people nowadays has forgotten. Gawande argues that choosing the hospice care would sometimes be a better choice for the terminally ill patients. He uses statistics such that the patients that choose hospice lives longer or than other patients and they tend to suffer lesser to support his argument. Hospice care tends to go with less pain treatment and focuses on the needs of the patients. It increases the quality of life of the patients during the last moments of their live. The patients’ family members are less likely to suffer from depression when they have chosen to go with the hospice care mainly because they have prepared themselves to face the death of the patient when time has come. Gawande’s argument is that the medical care system nowadays fails to meet the needs of the patients. His argument is convincing because he appeals to the emotions of his reader through both his own and others experience and statistics. Gawande reels in his readers’ attention and interest through some of the real life experience before he educates them. That makes it easier for the readers to absorb what Gawande is trying to deliver to his audience. In order to make it even more convincing, Gawande uses two extreme cases as a comparison to prove his point that hospice care would be the better choice for terminally ill patients. He uses the story of the â€Å"lucky† guy-Dave Galloway who died â€Å"at home, at peace, and surrounded by family† contrast with the poor old lady-Lee Cox who was died due to cardiac arrest and followed by a series of actions to bring her back to live. â€Å"They pulled off her clothes and pumped her chest, put a tube in her airway and forced oxygen into her lungs, and tried to see if they could shock her heart back† (Gawande 133). Such contrast comparison and strong words that would impact the readers’ thoughts on how the process of death can vary through different circumstances. After that, he again embraces the benefits of choosing hospice care rather than going to hospital for intensive medical treatments. Other than that, Gawande uses research statistics to support his argument. â€Å"A study led by the Harvard researcher Nicholas Christakis found out that sixty-three percent of doctors overestimated survival time and the average estimate was 530 percent too high† (Gawande 136). The statistics shows that how the medical system is failing to help the patients to get a grasp on how much time they still have in order to achieve the things that they want in live before their last breath. Since the research was carried out within the well-known institution-Harvard University, readers tend to believe the statistics more and agree upon Gawande’s view. By doing this, Gawande was trying to point out the flaw in our medical system so that his reader would be agreeing upon his argument. Gawande also uses different statistics to support his argument. â€Å"Executives at Aetna, the insurance company, started a two-year study on letting a group of policyholders with a life expectancy of less than a year to receive hospice services without forgoing other treatments. The result is that the people that have chosen hospice service leaped from 26 percent to 70 percent† (Gawande 142). The result shows that people were visiting the hospital lesser after they were introduced to hospice care. Gawande was trying to use the statistics to tell the readers that there were a lot of people that was in the same situation as they are, and they have chosen hospice care over hospital treatment after trying it. That implies that the hospice care would benefit the patients more than the hospital would. The overall structure of the Gawande’s article was well organized. He was able to convince his readers by giving a main idea of what he is trying to deliver through stories and then continue by some straight-forward points that he made. He then supports his arguments with examples to further enhance his point. The wording that he uses is simple yet it gives the readers some images that connect with their emotion. For example, â€Å"Sara would always arrive smiling, makeup on and bangs bobby-pinned out of her eyes. She’d find small things to laugh about, like the tubes that created strange protuberance under her dress† (Gawande 137). Gawande was trying to show that how sad it could be when a person is going through those surgery and treatment in order to get â€Å"fixed†. He would then use that emotion to bring up the point that is other solution to this problem which is the hospice care. I do think that the current medical care system doesn’t meet the needs of the patients as there are some miscommunications between doctors and their patients. Doctors were always looking at the bright side of the illness of their patients which is good in some sense but at the same time, they have to prepare the patients for their worst case scenario. It is hard for the patients to accept the truth that their illness were beyond â€Å"repair† and doctors educate them to accept the truth so that they could go through a less torturing path for their spare life. So, what I am trying to say is that we shouldn’t lose hope but at the same time we have to prepare our self for the worst outcome. If prolonging the patients’ life means that they have to suffer from surgeries and treatment that they need until the end of their life, why not just do things that are more meaningful? Despite all the flaws that we had in our current medical care system, hospice care seems to be the solution for the problem because it offers comfort and satisfaction in the ending life of the patients.

The Origins Of Our Species Essays -- essays research papers

The latest discovery of a fossil skull in Kenya, more than three million years old, once again demonstrates the complex evolution of humankind. The following article examines the evidence and sees how it fits into the ideas of human origin formulated by Frederick Engels more than 100 years ago. "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." (Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species, pp. 459-60, Penguin 1985.) The latest discoveries in paleontology once again reveal the rich and complex evolution of the human species. In March, the magazine 'Nature' reported on a new fossil find in Kenya of a 3.5 million year-old skull. Originally, it was thought that the human linkage had been traced back to an ancestral genus called the Australopithecines (the "Southern Ape"), the most famous remains being 'Lucy', discovered by D.C. Johanson. These proto-humans roamed the savannahs and Rift Valley of Africa more than 3 million years ago, and are closer to modern humans than apes. However, new evidence suggests that the Australopithecus family was not the only hominid species to have existed at this time. 'Nature' describes a new species - Kenanthropus platyops - with a much flatter face than any Australopithecine. "Kenyanthropus shows persuasively that at least two lineages existed as far back as 3.5m years," said Meave Leakey of the Kenya national museum. It is clear that the evolutionary tree is far bushier that at first appeared. While the human lineage split from that of the African apes some 5-10 million years ago, this new evidence suggests possible new lines from which humans evolved. It shows a far greater diversification of human evolution prior to the emergence of the Homo genus. The newly discovered skull has a small ear hole, like those of chimpanzees. However, it shares other features of early hominids, such as a small brain. But there are other striking differences, including tall cheekbones, small teeth and a flat plane beneath its nose bone, giving it a flat face appearance. The flatter face - a feature once thought distinctly human - arises primaril... ...ical view of evolution, called punctuated equilibrium. Gould has recognized Engels' contribution, describing his essay on human origins as "a brilliant expose." However, notes Gould, it "had no visible impact on Western science." (Ever Since Darwin, p.210) "All merit for the swift advance of civilization was ascribed to the mind, to the development and activity of the brain", wrote Engels. "Men became accustomed to explain their actions from their thoughts, instead of from their needs... And so there arose in the course of time that idealistic outlook on the world, has dominated men's minds. It still rules them to such a degree that even the most materialistic natural scientists of the Darwinian school are still unable to form any clear idea of the origin of man, because under that ideological influence they do not recognize the part that has been played therein by labour." The latest discoveries in this field of human origins are a testimony to Engels thought and contribution, not least the discovery of Kenanthropus platyops. It is a confirmation of the method of dialectical materialism, the only consistent scientific outlook of the world. The Origins Of Our Species Essays -- essays research papers The latest discovery of a fossil skull in Kenya, more than three million years old, once again demonstrates the complex evolution of humankind. The following article examines the evidence and sees how it fits into the ideas of human origin formulated by Frederick Engels more than 100 years ago. "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." (Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species, pp. 459-60, Penguin 1985.) The latest discoveries in paleontology once again reveal the rich and complex evolution of the human species. In March, the magazine 'Nature' reported on a new fossil find in Kenya of a 3.5 million year-old skull. Originally, it was thought that the human linkage had been traced back to an ancestral genus called the Australopithecines (the "Southern Ape"), the most famous remains being 'Lucy', discovered by D.C. Johanson. These proto-humans roamed the savannahs and Rift Valley of Africa more than 3 million years ago, and are closer to modern humans than apes. However, new evidence suggests that the Australopithecus family was not the only hominid species to have existed at this time. 'Nature' describes a new species - Kenanthropus platyops - with a much flatter face than any Australopithecine. "Kenyanthropus shows persuasively that at least two lineages existed as far back as 3.5m years," said Meave Leakey of the Kenya national museum. It is clear that the evolutionary tree is far bushier that at first appeared. While the human lineage split from that of the African apes some 5-10 million years ago, this new evidence suggests possible new lines from which humans evolved. It shows a far greater diversification of human evolution prior to the emergence of the Homo genus. The newly discovered skull has a small ear hole, like those of chimpanzees. However, it shares other features of early hominids, such as a small brain. But there are other striking differences, including tall cheekbones, small teeth and a flat plane beneath its nose bone, giving it a flat face appearance. The flatter face - a feature once thought distinctly human - arises primaril... ...ical view of evolution, called punctuated equilibrium. Gould has recognized Engels' contribution, describing his essay on human origins as "a brilliant expose." However, notes Gould, it "had no visible impact on Western science." (Ever Since Darwin, p.210) "All merit for the swift advance of civilization was ascribed to the mind, to the development and activity of the brain", wrote Engels. "Men became accustomed to explain their actions from their thoughts, instead of from their needs... And so there arose in the course of time that idealistic outlook on the world, has dominated men's minds. It still rules them to such a degree that even the most materialistic natural scientists of the Darwinian school are still unable to form any clear idea of the origin of man, because under that ideological influence they do not recognize the part that has been played therein by labour." The latest discoveries in this field of human origins are a testimony to Engels thought and contribution, not least the discovery of Kenanthropus platyops. It is a confirmation of the method of dialectical materialism, the only consistent scientific outlook of the world.

Managerial Economics Essay

There are quite a few differences between Economics and Managerial Economics. Managerial Economics is micro in character while Economics is both micro and macro in character. Economics is both positive and normative science but the Managerial Economics is essentially normative in nature. Under Economics we study only the economic aspect of the problems but under Managerial Economics we have to study both the economic and non-economic aspects of the problems. Those are just a few distinct differences amongst many others. Economics is defined as the study of goods and services; the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services while Managerial Economics is a study of application of managerial skills in economics. The field of economics is broken down into two distinct areas of study: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics looks at the smaller picture and focuses more on basic theories of supply and demand and how individual businesses decide how much of something to produce and how much to charge for it. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, looks at the big picture (hence â€Å"macro†). It focuses on the national economy as a whole and provides a basic knowledge of how things work in the business world. Microeconomics/ Macroeconomics and Managerial Economics have plenty in common. They all overlap in some form or fashion. Managerial economics is applied theory. Much of managerial economics applies the theories set forth in microeconomic theory. The relationship between the Microeconomics and the Macroeconomics are based on the result of choices made by each household and firms and some models of macroeconomics especially while originating the collective of production and consumption levels among both the branches of economics.

Why Men Are from Mars and Women Are from Venus.

Why men are from Mars and women are from Venus. Are there any differences on how women and men talk? This is a question many people ponder on everyday. It is easy to assume that because English belongs to the person who uses it, men and women would likely to talk the same way but that may not be the case. Linguistics experts had proven that shown that men and women communicate in different ways. Speech style, word use, and body language are apparent between men and women. Women focus more on making connections, while men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated.In the essay â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† by Deborah Tannen, she believes that even though men and women speak the same lingua franca, but their affirmation of support, conversational patterns and body language are very different. In the earlier years of development, Tannen observes that girls use speech to find confirmation and e stablish intimacy, whereas boys use speech to assert their independence and attain social status (283-5). In a study by psychologist H. M. Leet-Pellegrini who set to find out how men and women communicate with each other and who is more dominant in a conversation. Tannen 284). When women are listening, they will show support by saying things like â€Å"Yeah† and â€Å"That’s right†, even though they are more knowledgeable than the men on that particular topic (Tannen 283). However, this may not be the case for men. Tannen states that when it is the other way around, men tend to say something like â€Å"So you’re the expert. † (283). It showed that when women has superior amount of knowledge than the men, â€Å"It will sparked resentment, not respect†, and because of that â€Å"Women are inclined to play down their expertise rather than display it. † (Tannen 283).Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people wi ll think of them. Tannen feels that men are always trying to grab the leadership role by interrupting, hogging conversations and offering practical information, â€Å"My experience is that if I mention the kind of work I do to women, they usually ask me about it. While men have the tendency of explaining and giving me a lecture on language. † (282-3). In this situation, women find themselves bored and constantly nodding unwillingly as they have been cast as the listener as men lecture them and finds themselves in an asymmetrical conversation (Tannen 288-9).Despite the asymmetrical conversation, in the article Party Line by Rachael Rafelman, she states that women want to be heard. She states that, â€Å"Listening is a part of girl talk since it is at the very center of reciprocal communication. Woman requires it of each other† (Rafelman 320). When a woman talks she gets personal and involved in the conversation, men do not (Rafelman 317). Men love to talk about business and sports so women find the company of men kind of boring (Rafelman 317). It is why some women may find themselves nodding unwilling throughout the conversation.Women on the other hand find comfort in offering and receiving comfort and avoiding confrontation. There's certainly some truth to this. We can see this everywhere. Which men haven’t had heard his wife or female collogue say to him, â€Å"These shoes are killing me? † When he replies, â€Å"Get some new ones then,† or â€Å"Why are you even wearing them,† she is offended and upset. What he should have said was, â€Å"Oh I know exactly how you feel. Mine are killing me too. † Thus, according to Deborah Tannen’s article, considering these facts, no wonder many women grumble about their partners not listening to them (289).They argument that they made, that the men are not listening to them, is actually because they are not getting the response that they wanted to hear (Tannen 289). W omen focus more on making connections; talk and conversation is essential to this process. Women share secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options with their close friends. Men generally take another approach; their groups tend to be larger, focusing on activities rather than conversation. Even though men rather focus on activities rather than conversations, it does not mean that men talk less than women.In Janet Holmes’s essay â€Å"Women Talk Too Much,† Janet Holmes claims that even though many people believe that women talk more than men do, men talks just as much, if not even more, especially when talking enhances their status, power or dominant. Even when they hold influential positions, women sometimes find it hard to contribute as much as men to a discussion. † (300). Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people will think of them and they know that when a woman is superior knowledge, it will sparked r esentment, not respect, as stated in Tannen’s article â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† (283).Aries found out that found that women who did a lot of talking in a group began to feel uncomfortable; they backed off and frequently drew out quieter members of the group (Tannen 291). It is proven that men talk more than women in public, formal context because they perceive that by participating in the conversation it enhances their status and power. I couldn't agree with this more because I think that men are always trying to impress somebody and therefore men always want center stage to prove that (Tannen 286).Thus, men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated. In spite of the differences between men and women that Tannen has shown, in the essay â€Å"Sex Differences† by Ronald Macaulay argues that there is no such thing and beyond any other semantic topic, there have been countles s absurdity about sex differences. Macaulay states, â€Å"Such stereotypes are often reinforced by works of fiction† (309). Tannen disagrees to this. There are differences on how men and women communicate.Tannen said that, â€Å"Men’s style is more literally focused on the message level of the talk, while women’s is focused on the relationship or metamessage level (289). For women, she wants the listener to engage, give feedback and be interested in showing attentiveness while men wants the listener to be quietly enrapt on what he is saying. An interesting fact that I found out in Tannen’s article, which I agree, is the way the men and women sit. They say that men are all spread out with their legs wide open, while women gathered themselves in (Tannen 285). This could not be truer.When I was in the lecturer hall, I just look around in my class and I see all of the guys all spread out and all the girls are like all curled up. Researches have found out tha t speakers using open-bodied position are more likely to persuade their audience (Tannen 285). In a nutshell we can conclude that men impose and lecture their side of the story when speaking while women on the other hand have a more open exchange of ideas. Besides that, men do not show any body signals indicating that they are listening but women on the other hand give signs that show their affirmation or support.Lastly, men generally dominate the conversation most of the time while women just listen passively. Work Cited Page. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"I’ll Explain It To You : Lecturing and Listening†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 281-293. Print. Holmes, Janet. â€Å"Woman Talks Too Much†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 299-305. Print. Rafelman, Rachel. â€Å"The Party Line†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 316-321. Print.

Conduct Disorder essays

Conduct Disorder essays As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. Examples of this can be seen in spanking, harsh reprimanding or even ignoring the childs behaviors. By using negative reinforcement, the parents are unknowingly strengthening the prevalence of these behaviors, and therefore, the risk of these types of activities to continue through adolescence is also heightened (Patterson, 1982). Children who tend to not comply with authority in infancy have a greater chance of having an aggressive temperament in adolescence (Kolvin, Nicol, Garside, Day Olweus, 1980; Webster-Stratton difficult children become adolescents, they present an even greater challenge for their parents, school officials, law enforcement and the community. Often ignored is the biggest challenge, which is the child dealing with this instability of his or her mental well-being. We will see in the research provided that conduct disorder is multifaceted, consisting of some components which are hard to conceptualize and of others that are common knowledge. However, each aspect is crucial in understanding the scope of this mental disorder, starting with its history of violence and ending with its lacking intervention. Conduct Disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood, affecting approximately 7% of boys and 3 % of girls in the general population (Meltzer, Gatward, Goodman, Ford, 2000). Unlike most mental disorders, which afflict solely the diagnosed party, conduct disor...

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA Pocos programas son ms controversiales que el de los controles migratorios que realiza la Patrulla Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el interior de los Estados Unidos. Su finalidad es determinar el estatus migratorio de las personas que son paradas e interrogadas. Pero aunque ese es su fin principal, tambià ©n llevan a cabo labores de bà ºsqueda de drogas. De hecho, en los controles de carretera es frecuente encontrar perros entrenados para esa funcià ³n (lo que causa problemas en Nuevo Mà ©xico para las personas que utilizan marihuana con fines mà ©dicos). Dnde pueden encontrarse estos controles migratorios y fronterizos de la CBP en el interior En cualquier punto dentro de 100 millas (160 km) a contar desde la frontera, tanto la de Mà ©xico como la norteà ±a con Canad. En el caso de los estados de California, Arizona, Nuevo Mà ©xico y Texas, donde son ms frecuentes, suelen estar a una distancia mxima de 75 millas (121 km) a contar desde la là ­nea fronteriza que separa Estados Unidos de Mà ©xico. Qu tipo de controles hay en el interior del pas Por carretera Fijos, que pueden operar casi las 24 horas del dà ­a. Se encuentran ubicados principalmente en carreteras interestatales y autopistas principales (highways). Mà ³viles, tambià ©n llamados tcticos, que van cambiando de ubicacià ³n. Autobuses, trenes, estaciones de transporte La CBP puede efectuar controles tambià ©n siempre y cuando tenga lugar a menos de 100 millas de la frontera. En la actualidad este tipo de control est casi limitado a los estados del suroeste (frontera con Mà ©xico). Es decir, busca en las estaciones de tren y autobà ºs y tambià ©n se puede subir a bordo. Antes de 2011 tambià ©n era frecuente en los estados del Norte, como Washington, Michigan, Maine o Nueva York, pero en la actualidad est limitados a casos muy concretos. Qu pregunta la CBP Realizan preguntas tipo:  ¿es usted ciudadano americano? ¿hacia dà ³nde va? ¿quà © est haciendo? ¿este auto es suyo? Respuestas que se le dan Un buen nà ºmero de ciudadanos americanos se niegan a contestar ya que consideran que es un ataque a su libertad e incluso a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitucià ³n. Pero conviene resaltar los siguientes puntos: La Patrulla Fronteriza puede parar y, en su caso, detener Ninguna persona est obligada a hablar sobre su estatus migratorio (7 derechos del inmigrante indocumentado si es arrestado o detenido).Lo cierto es que, por ley, los residentes permanentes legales estn obligados a llevar consigo la tarjeta de residencia (green card).Los extranjeros que estn legalmente en el paà ­s deberà ­a llevar consigo un documento que lo pruebe, como el I-20 (estudiantes), pasaporte con visa reglamentaria, etc.Los que està ©n ajustando su estatus, pueden llevar una prueba de ellos. Qu sucede si un indocumentado es agarrado en un control migratorio en el interior Puede ser expulsado inmediatamente de los Estados Unidos o iniciarse u proceso de deportacià ³n. Otras formas de viajar domsticamente dentro del pas Estos son los documentos que se admiten para poder embarcar en un avià ³n para un vuelo dentro de los Estados Unidos o de salida a otro paà ­s. A tener en cuenta La CBP cuenta en la actualidad con aproximadamente 20,000 agentes en todo el paà ­s. Este programa de control fronterizo interno es muy criticado por amplios sectores de la sociedad, desde ciudadanos que sufren retrasos por estar sujetos a ellos, a defensores de las libertades civiles o de los derechos de los inmigrantes. La presidencia de Donald Trump est ocasionando  un gran impacto en asuntos migratorios, por lo que es conveniente estar informado y evitar ser và ­ctima de fraudes por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que se aprovechan del miedo y prometen cosas que, simplemente, no son posibles. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool Essay

SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool - Essay Example The next section will tackle SWOT analysis' advantages and limitations. The paper will conclude with its findings. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis is one of the most widely utilized strategic management tools in assessing the position of a business entity. This analysis is an integration of the results of other tools like the PESTEL analysis, industry analysis, and internal analysis. The company's strengths and weaknesses are derived from internal analysis while the PESTEL and industry analyses provide the required information to ascertain the opportunities and threats specific to the company. According to Thomson (2004), a company's strength is "something a company is good at doing or a characteristic that gives it enhanced competitiveness." A strength can take several forms like a skill or important expertise, valuable physical assets valuable human assets, valuable intangible assets, competitive capabilities, an achievement or attribute that puts the company in a position of market advantage, and alliances or cooperative ventures. Meanwhile, a weakness denotes to a something that a company lacks or is not good at doing relative to its competitors and puts the company in a disadvantage. ... tity: "deficiencies in competitively important skills or expertise or intellectual capital of one kind or another; lack of competitively important physical, organizational or intangible assets; and missing or weak competitive capabilities in key areas" (Thomson 2002). Opportunities are essential external factors, which can propel the business entity into higher profitability. However, distinction should be made in order to determine whether an opportunity is an industry or company opportunity. While company opportunity is an opportunity specific to a business institution, industry opportunity needs to be thoroughly evaluated in order to assess if a company has the required resources to take advantage of the opportunity. Threats are external factors which causes threats to a business entity's profitability and competitive well-being. An Application The following table shows the SWOT analysis as applied to the large computer manufacturer Dell, Inc. Strengths Weaknesses large market share strong brand equity no inventory buildup cost efficiency direct to customer business model customization total command of supply chain strategic alliance with suppliers no proprietary technology high dependence on component suppliers Opportunities Threats strong potential markets in Europe, China , and India low costs and advanced technology growth in business, education, and government markets more intense rivalry currency fluctuations high customer bargaining power SWOT Analysis: A Critique SWOT analysis is indeed a useful tool in determining the internal capability and incapability and the external forces that affects the operation and profitability of a business organization. As shown above, SWOT analysis is very useful in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Dell,